Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words

Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...

(8) [This verse shows avācaka (inexpressive) in a sentence:]

विष्णु-स्यन्दन-पर्णानां पृषद्-अश्वेन धाविताः |
निपेतुः काश्यपी-कान्ताः कौण्डिन्याः कर-पीडने ||

viṣṇu-syandana-parṇānāṃ pṛṣad-aśvena dhāvitāḥ |
nipetuḥ kāśyapī-kāntāḥ kauṇḍinyāḥ kara-pīḍane ||

viṣṇu-syandana—of Garuḍa (“Viṣṇu’s vehicle”); parṇānām—of the wings; pṛṣat-aśvena—because of the wind (the Maruts, “whose horses are speckled”); dhāvitāḥtrembling; nipetuḥ—fell; kāśyapīkāntāḥ—the kings (“the lovers of the Earth, who is Kaśyapa’s daughter”); kauṇḍinyāḥ—of Rukmiṇī (“she lives in Kuṇḍina,” the capital of Vidarbha); kara-pīḍane—during the wedding (“pressing the hand”).

When Rukmiṇī was about to get married, the kings trembled and slumped on account of the wind from Garuḍa’s wings. (Alaṅkāra-kaustubha 10.38)

atra viṣnu-syandanādi-śabdā viṣṇu-rathādi-śabda-vad garuḍādyarthān na bodhayantīty avācakās te. parṇāḥ pakṣāḥ, pṛṣad-aśvaḥ pavanaḥ, dhāvitāḥ kampitāḥ, kāśyapī-kāntā bhū-patayaḥ, kauṇḍinī rukmiṇī, kara-pīḍanaṃ vivāhaḥ.

Here the words viṣṇu-syandana and so on, which resemble viṣṇu-ratha (Garuḍa, lit. Viṣṇu’s car) and so forth, do not make one understand the sense of ‘Garuḍa’, and so on, therefore they are inexpressive (avācaka): Parṇa means wing, pṛṣad-aśva is the wind, dhāvitāḥ means “they trembled,” kāśyapī-kāntāḥ means kings, Kauṇḍinī is Rukmiṇī, and kara-pīḍana means wedding.

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