Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.164.50
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
य॒ज्ञेन॑ य॒ज्ञम॑यजन्त दे॒वास्तानि॒ धर्मा॑णि प्रथ॒मान्या॑सन् । ते ह॒ नाकं॑ महि॒मान॑: सचन्त॒ यत्र॒ पूर्वे॑ सा॒ध्याः सन्ति॑ दे॒वाः ॥
यज्ञेन यज्ञमयजन्त देवास्तानि धर्माणि प्रथमान्यासन् । ते ह नाकं महिमानः सचन्त यत्र पूर्वे साध्याः सन्ति देवाः ॥
yajñena yajñam ayajanta devās tāni dharmāṇi prathamāny āsan | te ha nākam mahimānaḥ sacanta yatra pūrve sādhyāḥ santi devāḥ ||
English translation:
“The gods sacrifice with sacrifice, for such are their first duties; those mighty ones assemble in heaven, where the divinities who are to be propitiated (by sacred rites) abide.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Where the divinities: yatra pūrve sādhyāḥ santi devāḥ: sādhyāḥ = karma-devaḥ, divinities presiding over or giving effect to religious acts, yajñādi sādhanavantaḥ; or, the term may mean those who have obtained the portion, or the condition of gods, by the former worship of Agni, or the sādhyās = ādityas, or the aṅgirasas, or deities presiding over the metres, chando abhimāninaḥ; sādhyās are named among the minor divinities in Amarakośa
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): sādhyāḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
य॒ज्ञेन॑ । य॒ज्ञम् । अ॒य॒ज॒न्त॒ । दे॒वाः । तानि॑ । धर्मा॑णि । प्र॒थ॒मानि॑ । आ॒सन् । ते । ह॒ । नाक॑म् । म॒हि॒मानः॑ । स॒च॒न्त॒ । यत्र॑ । पूर्वे॑ । सा॒ध्याः । सन्ति॑ । दे॒वाः ॥
यज्ञेन । यज्ञम् । अयजन्त । देवाः । तानि । धर्माणि । प्रथमानि । आसन् । ते । ह । नाकम् । महिमानः । सचन्त । यत्र । पूर्वे । साध्याः । सन्ति । देवाः ॥
yajñena | yajñam | ayajanta | devāḥ | tāni | dharmāṇi | prathamāni | āsan | te | ha | nākam | mahimānaḥ | sacanta | yatra | pūrve | sādhyāḥ | santi | devāḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.164.50 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“sacrifice; worship; worship.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“regulation; Dharma; law; property.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[adverb]
“indeed; ha [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“sky; celestial sphere; Svarga; nāka [word].”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“greatness; power; mahiman.”
[verb], plural, Present injunctive
“accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”
[adverb]
“wherein; once [when].”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“aforesaid(a); antecedent; previous(a); first; eastern; former(a); pūrva [word]; age-old; anterior; bygone; fore(a); predictive; firstborn; easterly; instrumental.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Sādhya.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”