Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.66.7

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सेने॑व सृ॒ष्टामं॑ दधा॒त्यस्तु॒र्न दि॒द्युत्त्वे॒षप्र॑तीका ॥
सेनेव सृष्टामं दधात्यस्तुर्न दिद्युत्त्वेषप्रतीका ॥
seneva sṛṣṭāmaṃ dadhāty astur na didyut tveṣapratīkā ||

English translation:

“[7-8] He terrifies (his adversaries) like an army sent (against an enemy), or like the bright-pointed shaft of an archer. Agni, as Yama, is all that is born; as Yama, all that will be born; he is the lover of maidens, the husband of wives.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Yamo ha jāto, yamo janitvam: yama is interpreted as: yacchati dadāti kāmān stotṛbhyaḥ, he who gives the desired object to the worshippers; so, Yama becomes a synonym of Agni: yam agnir ucyate; or, Agni becomes one of the twins (yama), by the simultaneous  birth of Indra and Agni (according to Yāska);

Jāta = all existing beings;

Janitva = those that will exist; the terms imply dependence of all existence, past, present, or future, upon worship with fire; lover of maids: the essential part of the nuptial ceremony is completed when the maiden offers to fire; husband of wives: An allusion to a legend; Soma obtained a maiden and gave her to gandharva, Viśvāvasu; he transferred her to Agni, who gave her to a mortal husband and bestowed upon her wealth and offspring; the reference is to the wife as a chief participant in the oblations to fire

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): parāśaraḥ śāktaḥ [parāśara śākta];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): Dvipadaa viraat;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सेना॑ऽइव । सृ॒ष्टा । अम॑म् । द॒धा॒ति॒ । अस्तुः॑ । न । दि॒द्युत् । त्वे॒षऽप्र॑तीका ॥
सेनाइव । सृष्टा । अमम् । दधाति । अस्तुः । न । दिद्युत् । त्वेषप्रतीका ॥
senāiva | sṛṣṭā | amam | dadhāti | astuḥ | na | didyut | tveṣa-pratīkā

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.66.7 English analysis of grammar]

seneva < senā

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“army; senā [word]; armament.”

seneva < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

sṛṣṭāmaṃ < sṛṣṭā < sṛj

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

sṛṣṭāmaṃ < amam < ama

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“am; panic; power; ferocity.”

dadhāty < dadhāti < dhā

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

astur < astuḥ < astṛ

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“archer; shot.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

didyut

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“arrow; Didyut.”

tveṣapratīkā < tveṣa

[noun]

“awful; brilliant; aglitter(p); bright.”

tveṣapratīkā < pratīkā < pratīka

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“face; surface.”

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