Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.51.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒भि त्यं मे॒षं पु॑रुहू॒तमृ॒ग्मिय॒मिन्द्रं॑ गी॒र्भिर्म॑दता॒ वस्वो॑ अर्ण॒वम् । यस्य॒ द्यावो॒ न वि॒चर॑न्ति॒ मानु॑षा भु॒जे मंहि॑ष्ठम॒भि विप्र॑मर्चत ॥
अभि त्यं मेषं पुरुहूतमृग्मियमिन्द्रं गीर्भिर्मदता वस्वो अर्णवम् । यस्य द्यावो न विचरन्ति मानुषा भुजे मंहिष्ठमभि विप्रमर्चत ॥
abhi tyam meṣam puruhūtam ṛgmiyam indraṃ gīrbhir madatā vasvo arṇavam | yasya dyāvo na vicaranti mānuṣā bhuje maṃhiṣṭham abhi vipram arcata ||

English translation:

“Anime with praises that ram, (Indra), who is adored by many, who is gratified by hymns, and is an ocean of wealth; whose good deeds spread abroad for the benefit of mankind, like the rays of light; worship the powerful and wise Indra, for the enjoyment of prosperity.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Tyam. meṣam: Indra assumed the form of a ram and came to a sacrifice performed by Medhātithi and drank Soma, so a legend;

Meṣa = victor over foes. Another legend is that Aṅgiras worshipped to get a son who would resemble Indra; Indra himself became his son whose name was Savya

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): savya āṅgirasaḥ [savya āṅgirasa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): jagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒भि । त्यम् । मे॒षम् । पु॒रु॒ऽहू॒तम् । ऋ॒ग्मिय॑म् । इन्द्र॑म् । गीः॒ऽभिः । म॒द॒त॒ । वस्वः॑ । अ॒र्ण॒वम् । यस्य॑ । द्यावः॑ । न । वि॒ऽचर॑न्ति । मानु॑षा । भु॒जे । मंहि॑ष्ठम् । अ॒भि । विप्र॑म् । अ॒र्च॒त॒ ॥
अभि । त्यम् । मेषम् । पुरुहूतम् । ऋग्मियम् । इन्द्रम् । गीःभिः । मदत । वस्वः । अर्णवम् । यस्य । द्यावः । न । विचरन्ति । मानुषा । भुजे । मंहिष्ठम् । अभि । विप्रम् । अर्चत ॥
abhi | tyam | meṣam | puru-hūtam | ṛgmiyam | indram | gīḥ-bhiḥ | madata | vasvaḥ | arṇavam | yasya | dyāvaḥ | na | vi-caranti | mānuṣā | bhuje | maṃhiṣṭham | abhi | vipram | arcata

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.51.1 English analysis of grammar]

abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

tyam < tya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“that.”

meṣam < meṣa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sheep; ram; Naigameṣa.”

puruhūtam < puruhūta

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Indra; Vishnu.”

ṛgmiyam < ṛgmiya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“applaudable.”

indraṃ < indram < indra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

gīrbhir < gīrbhiḥ < gir

[noun], instrumental, plural

“hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

madatā < mad

[verb], plural, Present imperative

“rut; intoxicate; delight; revel; rejoice; drink; ramp; exult.”

vasvo < vasvaḥ < vasu

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“wealth; property; gold; vasu [word]; ruby; treasure; jewel.”

arṇavam < arṇava

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“ocean; sea; four.”

yasya < yad

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

dyāvo < dyāvaḥ < div

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

vicaranti < vicar < √car

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“wander; travel; vraj; be active.”

mānuṣā < mānuṣāḥ < mānuṣa

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“man; man.”

bhuje < bhuj

[verb noun]

“eat; enjoy; consume; eat; love; burn; run down; enjoy; live on.”

maṃhiṣṭham < maṃhiṣṭha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“big.”

abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

vipram < vipra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Brahmin; poet; singer; priest; guru; Vipra.”

arcata < arc

[verb], plural, Present imperative

“sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”

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