Viyoga, Viyogā: 25 definitions
Introduction:
Viyoga means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Viyog.
In Hinduism
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Viyoga (वियोग, “disjunction”) refers to one of the thee forms of the supreme seed-syllable called Haṃsa, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “That supreme seed-syllable called Haṃsa is located in the heart. Without that there is no perception (upalabdhi) (of ultimate reality) and one knows nothing. O fair lady, it has three forms, Sound (nāda), Conjunction (saṃyoga) and Disjunction (viyoga). O fairhipped lady, one should pay attention to it with effort. Again, the threefold consciousness (caitanya) is present here, which is that of the Self (ātman), Power (śakti) and Śiva. The threefold consciousness abides in a state of invariable union. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra)
Viyoga (वियोग, “separation”) is another name for Vyavakalita (“subtraction”) which represents one of the twenty operations (logistics) of pāṭīgaṇita (“science of calculation which requires the use of writing material—the board”), according to Pṛthudakasvāmī’s commentary on the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta by Brahmagupta, a Sanskrit treatise on ancient Indian mathematics (gaṇita-śāstra) and astronomy from the 7th century.—The terms [e.g., viyoga (separation)] [...], have been used for subtraction.
Ganita (गणित) or Ganitashastra refers to the ancient Indian science of mathematics, algebra, number theory, arithmetic, etc. Closely allied with astronomy, both were commonly taught and studied in universities, even since the 1st millennium BCE. Ganita-shastra also includes ritualistic math-books such as the Shulba-sutras.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Viyoga (वियोग) refers to “separation (from Bhagavān)”, according to the Nirodhalakṣaṇa (lit. “characteristics of restraint”) written by Śrī Vallabhācārya for his disciples.— A devotee who forgets the mundane world (prapañca) and develops attachment to Bhagavān starts to intensely experience both union (saṃyoga) and separation (viyoga) with Bhagavān. This is described, as found in the account of the Vraja devotees (Bhāgavatam 10.19.16) [...]. During the periods of Bhagavān’s earthly incarnations, the opportunity to serve Bhagavān becomes an experience of union (saṃyoga), while its absence leads to the experience of separation (viyoga).
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Kama-shastra (the science of Love-making)
Viyoga (वियोग) referes to “separation (from one’s husband)”, according to the Vātsyāyana’s Kāmasūtra: a Sanskrit text from the 2nd century dealing with eroticism, sexuality and emotional fulfillment in life belonging to Kāmaśāstra (the ancient Indian science of love-making).—Accordingly, “[While defending the standpoint that women should be allowed to learn theoratical science]: The daughter of a king too as well as the daughter of a minister, being learned in the [sixty-four arts], can make their husbands favourable to them, even though these may have thousands of other wives besides themselves. And in the same manner, if a wife becomes separated from her husband (pati-viyogā), and falls into distress, she can support herself easily, even in a foreign country, by means of her knowledge of these arts. [...]”.
Kamashastra (कामशास्त्र, kāmaśāstra) deals with ancient Indian science of love-making, passion, emotions and other related topics dealing with the pleasures of the senses.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Viyogā (वियोगा) refers to one of the primary thirty-two energy-channels in the body, according to the Sampuṭodbhavatantra chapter 1.—Accordingly, “[Vajragarbha asked, ‘What subtle energy channels are in the body?’]—The Blessed One said, ‘There are one hundred and twenty of them, corresponding to the divisions within the four cakras. The chief ones, those with bodhicitta as their innate nature, are thirty-two in number. They are: [i.e., Viyogā] [...]’.”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Viyoga (वियोग) refers to “separation”, according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 2).—Accordingly, “[Question: The past and the future do not function with the nature of the present; the past functions with the nature of the past and the future with the nature of the future. That is why there is a [different] time for each nature separately (ekaika dharmalakṣaṇa)]—[Answer:]—[...] [The Buddhist texts] do not speak about kāla but about samaya in order to dispel wrong views of this kind. We speak metaphorically about time with regard to birth, the elements and bases of consciousness, but there is no distinct time [existing as a separate substance]. Expressions such as ‘region’ (deśa), ‘time’ (kāla), ‘separation’ (viyoga), ‘union’ (saṃyoga), ‘singleness’ (ekatva), ‘multiplicity’ (nānātva), ‘length’ (dīrghatva), ‘smallness’ (hrasvatva), etc., come from convention. Fools (bāla) cling to them and say that these are real Dharmas (sadbhūta). That is why mundane conventional Dharmas of purely nominal existence must be excluded.”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Viyoga (वियोग) refers to “separation” (from persons and things) [?], according to Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi.—Accordingly, “[...] But there is nothing in the world which is permanent except the natural characteristics of knowledge and perception of the self. This is contemplation on the transitory nature of things. He who contemplates thus is free from intense attachment to persons and things, and hence he does not feel stress when he loses them or separates (viyoga—viyogakāle ’pi vinipāto) from them as in the case of the garlands used and cast off”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
viyoga : (m.) separation.
Viyoga, (vi+yoga 2) separation J. VI, 482; Mhvs 19, 16 (Mahābodhi°); PvA. 160, 161 (pati° from her husband); Sdhp. 77, 164. (Page 633)
1) viyoga (ဝိယောဂ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[viyoga+tta]
[ဝိယောဂ+တ္တ]
2) viyoga (ဝိယောဂ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[vi+yuja+ṇe+ṇa]
[ဝိ+ယုဇ+ဏေ+ဏ]
3) viyoga (ဝိယောဂ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[vi+yuja+ṇa．viyoga-saṃ．vioa,vioga-prā．]
[ဝိ+ယုဇ+ဏ။ ဝိယောဂ-သံ။ ဝိဩအ၊ ဝိဩဂ-ပြာ။]
[Pali to Burmese]
1) viyoga—
(Burmese text): (၁) မယှဉ်-ကွေကွင်း-ကွင်းကွာ-ကွဲကွာ-ခြင်း (၂) မယှဉ်-ကွေကွင်း-ကင်းကွာ-ကွဲကွာ-ရာ။ ဝိယောဂဋ္ဌာန-ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): (1) Non-comparison - circle - difference - deviation - distinction (2) Non-comparison - circle - clarity - difference - distinction. Refer to the Department of Philosophy.
2) viyoga—
(Burmese text): မယှဉ်-ကွေကွင်း-ကင်းကွာ-ကွဲကွာ-စေခြင်း။ ဝိယောဂရသ-ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): Comparison - differentiation - separation - distinction - creation. Observe the nature of existence.
3) viyoga—
(Burmese text): မယှဉ်-ကွေကွင်း-ကင်းကွာ-ကွဲကွာ-စေတတ်သည်၏အဖြစ်။ ဝိယောဂရသ (၂) ကြည့်။
(Auto-Translation): It is able to differentiate between the comparable and the incomparably distinct. See Viyogarattha (2).
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
viyōga (वियोग).—m (S) Separation, disjunction, sundered or separated state. 2 In arithmetic. Difference.
viyōga (वियोग).—m Separation, disjunction.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Viyoga (वियोग).—
1) Separation, disunion; अयमेकपदे तया वियोगः सहसा चोपनतः सुदुःसहो मे (ayamekapade tayā viyogaḥ sahasā copanataḥ suduḥsaho me) V.4.1; त्वयोपस्थितवियोगस्य तपो- वनस्यापि समवस्था दृश्यते (tvayopasthitaviyogasya tapo- vanasyāpi samavasthā dṛśyate) Ś4; संघत्ते भृशमरतिं हि सद्वियोगः (saṃghatte bhṛśamaratiṃ hi sadviyogaḥ) Ki. 5.51; R.12.1; Śiśupālavadha 12.63.
2) Absence, loss.
3) Subtraction.
Derivable forms: viyogaḥ (वियोगः).
Viyoga (वियोग).—m.
(-gaḥ) 1. Absence, separation, especially of lovers. 2. Disunion, disjunction. 3. Loss, absence. E. vi privative, and yoga union.
Viyoga (वियोग).—i. e. vi-yuj + a, m. 1. Separation, [Vikramorvaśī, (ed. Bollensen.)] 29, 17 (with saha, [Pañcatantra] 30, 22). 2. Disunion. 3. Loss, [Pañcatantra] ii. [distich] 184; death, [Hitopadeśa] iv. [distich] 62. 4. Absence, [Meghadūta, (ed. Gildemeister.)] 78.
Viyoga (वियोग).—[masculine] separation, division, loss of ([instrumental] ±saha, [ablative], or —°); absence, want; getting rid of, abstaining from, giving up (yaṃ gam be lost*).
1) Viyoga (वियोग):—[=vi-yoga] [from vi-yuj] m. disjunction, separation ([especially] of lovers), loss or absence or want of ([instrumental case] with or with out saha [ablative], or [compound]), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc. (gaṃ √gam, to be lost, [Mṛcchakaṭikā ix, 34/35])
2) [v.s. ...] giving up, getting rid of, abstention from ([compound]), [Gautama-dharma-śāstra]
3) [v.s. ...] subtraction, [Gaṇitādhyāya]
4) [v.s. ...] = vi-yuti, [Bījagaṇita]
5) [v.s. ...] a [particular] astrological Yoga, [Catalogue(s)]
Viyoga (वियोग):—[vi-yoga] (gaḥ) 1. m. Absence, separation; disjunction.
Viyoga (वियोग):—(von 1. yuj mit vi) m. = viraha u.s.w. [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1511.] [Halāyudha 4, 57.] am Ende eines adj. comp. f. ā [Vikramorvaśī 155.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 17, 48.]
1) das Getrenntwerden, Trennung, das Kommen um, Verlustiggehen: viyogaṃ prāptavatyaham sc. vom Gatten [Mahābhārata 3, 2573.] [Vikramorvaśī 29, 17.] saṃnidhi [Mālavikāgnimitra 65, 10.] prāyo bandhubhiradhvanīva pathikairyogo viyogāvahaḥ [Spr. 1974.] saṃyogo hi viyogasya saṃsūcayati saṃbhavam [3076.] saṃyoge ca viprayogānte [3113.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 103, 8.] śyenavatsukhaduḥkhī tyāgaviyogābhyām [Kapila 4, 5.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 5, 14, 1. 9, 13, 9.] sadbhiḥ Trennung von Guten [KĀM. NĪTIS. 14, 60.] [Vikramorvaśī 73.] [Spr. 2748.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 17, 23. 25, 83.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 7, 2, 25.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 22, 35. 72, 41.] prāṇaiḥ prayāti viyogam [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka 6, 8.] tasyāścaturdaśa samā viyogaste bhaviṣyati [Kathāsaritsāgara 9, 34.] bhartrā saha [Mahābhārata 3, 2565.] [Śiśupālavadha 12,63.] [Pañcatantra 30, 22.] jñānapūrvo viyogo yo jñānena saha yoginaḥ [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 39, 1.] Gewöhnlich in comp. mit der Ergänzung: dhava iti manuṣyanāma tadviyogādvidhavā [Yāska’s Nirukta 3, 15.] iṣṭa [MAITRYUP. 1, 3.] bandhupriya [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 12, 79.] [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 21, 26. 29, 5. 3, 75, 73. 6, 95, 33.] [Ṛtusaṃhāra 1, 10.] [Meghadūta 78. 86. 107.] [Raghuvaṃśa 12, 10.] [Kirātārjunīya 5, 51.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 24, 31.] [Spr. 1630 (II). 1111.] gaṅgā [4711.] maṇi [Ṣaḍviṃśabrāhmaṇa 5, 6.] karma [Mitākṣarā 47, 10.fg.] —
2) das Sichentfernen, von-dannen-Gehen, Verlorengehen; das Fehlen: vihagasya, anilasya [Spr. (II) 285. 1983.] dhanasya [1289 (I).] viṣayāṇām [668 (II).] tava viyogena weil du fehlst [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 52, 37. 7, 95, 34.] yasya kṣaṇaviyogena loko hyapriyadarśanaḥ [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 1, 15, 6.] karaṇānām [Mahābhārata 5, 5814. 3, 13993.] dvijapāṇi [7,2364.] [Oxforder Handschriften 80,b,8.] duḥkhasaṃyoga [Bhagavadgītā 6, 23.] mātṛdhātrīviyogataḥ weil weder Mutter noch Amme da waren [Kathāsaritsāgara 82, 36.] [Sāhityadarpana 17, 15.] manoviyogāt weil das Herz nicht dabei ist [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 75, 1.] [KUSUM. 60, 4. 61, 2.] Bed.
1) und
2) lassen sich bisweilen nicht genau scheiden. —
3) Subtraction [GAṆIT.] [BHAGAṆĀDH. 13,] Comm. [SŪRYAGR. 5.] [GOLĀDHY. 7, 43.] —
4) Bez. eines best. astrol. Yoga [Oxforder Handschriften 86,a,43.]
Viyoga (वियोग) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Vioa.
Viyogā (in Sanskrit) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 相應 [xiāng yīng]: “association”.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Viyoga (वियोग) [Also spelled viyog]:—(nm) separation, disunion; bereavement; —[śrṛṃgāra] see [vipralaṃbha śrṛṃgāra].
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Viyōga (ವಿಯೋಗ):—
1) [noun] the act of going or to stay away from.
2) [noun] the fact of being separated by one’s lover.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Viyoga (वियोग):—n. 1. separation; disunion; tragedy; 2. absence; loss; 3. subtraction; 4. difference;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Yuja, Tta, Yoga, Vi, Ne, Viyoga, Na.
Starts with (+9): Viyogabahya, Viyogabhaj, Viyogacinta, Viyogadukkha, Viyogadukkhita, Viyogahetuka, Viyogakarana, Viyogakiriya, Viyogamta, Viyoganala, Viyogant, Viyoganta, Viyogapariyosana, Viyogapura, Viyogarasa, Viyogarttiyuta, Viyogashringara, Viyogasoka, Viyogata, Viyogatas.
Full-text (+70): Aviyoga, Pranaviyoga, Pativiyoga, Viyogabhaj, Viyogapura, Viyogata, Arammanaviyoga, Jivitaviyoga, Kammatthanaviyoga, Vatthukamaviyoga, Viyogakarana, Viyogavasa, Viyogatthana, Viyogapariyosana, Viyogakiriya, Buddhaviyoga, Viyogadukkha, Viyogasoka, Viyogabahya, Viyogahetuka.
Relevant text
Search found 76 books and stories containing Viyoga, Viyōga, Viyogā, Vi-yoga, Viyoga-tta, Vi-yuja-ne-na, Vi-yuja-ṇe-ṇa, Vi-yuja-na, Vi-yuja-ṇa; (plurals include: Viyogas, Viyōgas, Viyogās, yogas, ttas, nas, ṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 321 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Page 73 < [Hindi-Malayalam-English Volume 3]
Page 319 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]
Krishna Sandarbha of Jiva Goswami (by Kusakratha Prabhu)
Brahma Samhita (Jiva Goswami commentary) (by Srila Narayana Maharaja)
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 3.2.114 < [Part 2 - Affection and Service (dāsya-rasa)]
Verse 3.2.174 < [Part 2 - Affection and Service (dāsya-rasa)]
Verse 3.2.178 < [Part 2 - Affection and Service (dāsya-rasa)]
Brihat Jataka by Varahamihira [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 6.8 < [Chapter 6 - Early Death]
Bhagavad-gita (with Vaishnava commentaries) (by Narayana Gosvami)
Verses 6.20-25 < [Chapter 6 - Dhyāna-yoga (Yoga through the Path of Meditation)]