Shivaratri, Shiva-ratri, Śivarātri, Śivarātrī: 13 definitions
Introduction
Introduction:
Shivaratri means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Śivarātri and Śivarātrī can be transliterated into English as Sivaratri or Shivaratri, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaŚivarātrī (शिवरात्री).—General. Śivarātrī is a holy day. Śivarātrī is observed on the eve of New moon day (Caturdaśī) falling in the middle of Māgha and Phālguna (February-March). During this night, penance should be done with fasting. On Caturdaśī day penance (vrata) should be observed without sleep and food and Śiva worshipped. (See full article at Story of Śivarātrī from the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani)
Source: archive.org: Nilamata Purana: a cultural and literary studyŚivarātri (शिवरात्रि) is the name of a festival that once existed in ancient Kashmir (Kaśmīra) as mentioned in the Nīlamatapurāṇa.—Śivarātri proceeds as follows: Śivaliṅga, from which the blanket like plaster of purified butter has been removed, is to be worshipped on the dark 14th of Phālguṇa, in the way in which Viṣṇu’s image is bathed in Devotthāna ceremony. Śivaliṅga is to be worshipped with perfumes, garlands, clothes, unguents, and naivedya consisting of animals made of flour. The worshippers are enjoined to observe fast during the day and vigil at night listening to the Śivadharmas and the stories of Śiva’s incarnations. On the 15th, the worship of Śiva is prescribed and the worshippers have to take meals consisting of Kulmāṣas and sweetmeats.
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationŚivarātri (शिवरात्रि) is the name of a religious festival mentioned in the Śivapurāṇa 2.1.18.—Accordingly, as Guṇanidhi thought to himself:—“[...] In the meantime a certain devotee of Lord Śiva (māheśvara) came out of the city taking with him various articles of offering (upahāra). He had observed fast (uposhita) on the Śivarātri day. In order to worship lord Śiva, he was on his way, along with his kinsmen and was carrying different sorts of delightful offerings. [...]”.
Śivarātri refers to “Śiva’s night” and is a popular fast and festival held in honour of Śiva on the 14th of the dark half of the month Māgha or January-February with many solemn ceremonies observed during the day and night. In Tāntric literature it is called Kālarātri, one of the three sacred nights, the other two being Mahārātri and Moharātri.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Google Books: Hindu Ritual at the MarginsŚivarātri (शिवरात्रि):—The annual night on which devotees of Śiva fast and remain awake while worshipping the deity with great ritual celebration. Devotees carry a variety of sweet-smelling food offerings to be presented to Śiva in the form of a liṅga in a nearby temple.
India history and geogprahy
Source: archive.org: South Indian FestivitiesThere are five kinds of Sivaratris in the course of a year and they go by the names Maha-Sivaratri, Yoga-Sivaratri. Nitya-Sivaratri, Paksha-Sivaratri and Masa-Sivaratri. The term Maha-Sivaratri and its origin have already been detailed upon. Nitya-Sivaratri is the daily night of Siva while Paksha-Sivaratri and Masa-Sivaratri are Siva’s fortnightly and monthly nights respectively. Yoga-Sivaratri is the night which a yogi creates for himself by his yoga-trance.
Source: Project Gutenberg: Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 1Sivaratri refers to one of the festivals of the Nambutiris. Sivaratri refers to the worship of Siva on the last day of Magha. Fast and vigil at night, and puja. The Nambutiri people form the socio-spiritual aristocracy of Malabar, and, as the traditional landlords of Parasu Rama’s land, they are everywhere held in great reverence.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryśivarātri (शिवरात्रि).—f m (S) pop. śivarātra f A night on which fasting, vigil, and other observances are held in honor of Shiva. The night appointed is the fourteenth of the dark half of every month, but more especially the fourteenth of Magha; and the ground of the appointment is a legend, in every body's mouth, of a hunter's obtaining Moksha from Shiva, because he, from a Bilva-tree, up which he had climbed to observe a deer he was pursuing, shook down, through the whole night, leaves uponalingam lying hidden underneath; and thus, though unintentionally and ignorantly, propitiated and won the heart of the god Shiva.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishśivarātri (शिवरात्रि).—f m A night on which fasting &c. is held in honour of śiva.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryŚivarātri (शिवरात्रि).—f. the fourteenth day of the dark half of Māgha on which a rigorous fast is observed in honour of Śiva; शैवो वा वैष्णवो वापि यो वा स्यादन्यपूजकः । सर्वं पूजाफलं हन्ति शिवरात्रिबहिर्मुखः (śaivo vā vaiṣṇavo vāpi yo vā syādanyapūjakaḥ | sarvaṃ pūjāphalaṃ hanti śivarātribahirmukhaḥ) || Īśvarasaṃhitā.
Derivable forms: śivarātriḥ (शिवरात्रिः).
Śivarātri is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms śiva and rātri (रात्रि).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryŚivarātri (शिवरात्रि).—f.
(-triḥ) A celebrated festival held in honour of Siva on the fourteenth of the moon’s wane or dark-fortnight in Magha. E. śiva, and rātri night.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Śivarātri (शिवरात्रि):—[=śiva-rātri] [from śiva] f. ‘Śiva’s night’, Name of a popular fast and festival in honour of Śiva (kept on the 14th of the dark half of the month Māgha or January-February with many solemn ceremonies, observed during the day and night cf. śiva-caturdaśī), [Rājataraṅgiṇī; Religious Thought and Life in India 90; 428]
2) [v.s. ...] a form of Durgā (= mahā-kālī), [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Ratri, Shiva.
Starts with: Shivaratrijagaranavidhi, Shivaratrikalpa, Shivaratrikatha, Shivaratrimahatmya, Shivaratrinirnaya, Shivaratripaddhati, Shivaratripuja, Shivaratrivrata, Shivaratrivratakalpa, Shivaratrivratakatha, Shivaratrivratamahatmya, Shivaratrivratodyapana, Shivaratrivratodyapanavidhi.
Ends with: Mahashivaratri.
Full-text (+17): Mahashivaratri, Shivaratrikalpa, Shivaratrivratakalpa, Shivaratrikatha, Shivaratrimahatmya, Shivaratrinirnaya, Shivaratrivrata, Shivaratrivratakatha, Shivaratripuja, Shivaratrivratodyapana, Shivaratryargha, Masashivaratrivratakalpa, Mahashivaratrivratanirnaya, Mahashivaratrinirnaya, Mahashivaratrivrata, Shivacaturdashi, Shiva-tithi, Gurudruha, Kalaratri, Canda.
Relevant text
Search found 8 books and stories containing Shivaratri, Shiva-ratri, Śiva-rātri, Siva-ratri, Śivarātri, Sivaratri, Śivarātrī; (plurals include: Shivaratris, ratris, rātris, Śivarātris, Sivaratris, Śivarātrīs). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
The Shiva Purana (by J. L. Shastri)
Chapter 9 - The Proclamation of Śiva as Maheśvara (the great lord) < [Section 1 - Vidyeśvara-saṃhitā]
Chapter 39 - The conclusion of the rite of Śivarātri < [Section 4 - Koṭirudra-Saṃhitā]
Chapter 38 - The greatness of Śivarātri < [Section 4 - Koṭirudra-Saṃhitā]
The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 33 - The Greatness of Śivarātri Vrata < [Section 1 - Kedāra-khaṇḍa]
Appendix 2 - The astronomical definition of Yoga < [Appendices]
Chapter 67 - The Greatness of Kuṭumbeśvara < [Section 1 - Avantīkṣetra-māhātmya]
The Padma Purana (by N.A. Deshpande)
Chapter 154 - Khaḍgadhāreśvara (Khaḍgadhāra-īśvara) < [Section 6 - Uttara-Khaṇḍa (Concluding Section)]
Chapter 218 - The Greatness of Puṣkara: Puṇḍarīka’s Story < [Section 6 - Uttara-Khaṇḍa (Concluding Section)]
Chapter 114 - Dialogue between Śiva and Rāma < [Section 5 - Pātāla-Khaṇḍa (Section on the Nether World)]
The Devi Bhagavata Purana (by Swami Vijñanananda)
Chapter 30 - On the conversation between Sāvitrī and Yama and on the fruition of Karmas < [Book 9]
Chapter 34 - On the description of the various hells < [Book 9]
The backdrop of the Srikanthacarita and the Mankhakosa (by Dhrubajit Sarma)
Part 6 - Maṅkhaka: his genealogy and date < [Chapter I - Introduction]