Parushaka, Parūṣakā, Parūṣaka: 10 definitions
Introduction:
Parushaka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit terms Parūṣakā and Parūṣaka can be transliterated into English as Parusaka or Parushaka, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Parūṣaka (परूषक).—A commander of Bhaṇḍa.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 21. 84.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)
Parūṣaka (परूषक) or Parūṣakā refers to a type of fruit-bearing plant, according to the Arthaśāstra II.15.19, and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—We can see the description of flowering and fruit bearing plants in Ṛgveda. But we come across the specific names of them only in the later Saṃhita and Brāhmaṇa literature. [...] Karamarda, parūṣaka, cūta (a variety of mango), Emblic myrobalan (āmalaka), Citrus medica, jujube, rose apple (jambu), cucumber (urvāruka), palm fruit (tālaphala), rājādana, pomegranate and jack fruit are referred to in Arthaśāstra. [...] Black mustard was used to make it pungent and sugar candy to sweeten it. Jellies prepared with fruit juices were called ṣāḍavas (see Kaśyapasaṃhitā Kalpasthāna, Bhojana 48).
Parūṣaka or “small wild date palm” is mentioned as being beneficial (hita) to the body according to the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala in the dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana, which contains the discussions on different food articles and their dietetic effects according to the prominent Ayurvedic treatises. Here In the phala (fruits) group parūṣaka (small wild date palm) is mentioned as beneficial to the body (hita).
Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)
Parūṣaka (परूषक) refers to the medicinal plant known as “Grewia asiatica Linn.” and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning parūṣaka] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Biology (plants and animals)
Parusaka in India is the name of a plant defined with Grewia asiatica in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices.
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Journal of Tree Sciences (1982)
· Species Plantarum (1753)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Parusaka, for example extract dosage, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, side effects, health benefits, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Pāruṣaka (पारुषक).—(1) nt. (and, in °kā-vana, or pārūṣakā-, seemingly fem.; = Pali phārusaka; compare pāruṣyaka; perhaps compare Sanskrit parūṣa, °ṣaka, Grewia asiatica ? compare next, 2), name of a flower (compare also mahāpāru°): °kam Mahāvyutpatti 6162; pāruṣakā-vanam (Mironov pārūṣakā-) Mahāvyutpatti 4196 = pāruṣyaka, q.v.; (2) adj. = pāruṣika (1), q.v.: Gaṇḍavyūha 159.14.
1) Parūṣaka (परूषक):—[from parūṣa > paru] m. idem
2) [v.s. ...] n. the fruit of this tree, [Śāṅkhāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Varāha-mihira; Suśruta]
3) Pāruṣaka (पारुषक):—m. or n. a species of flower, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] (cf. parūṣaka).
Paruṣaka (परुषक):—(kaḥ) 1. m. Idem.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Parūṣaka (ಪರೂಷಕ):—
1) [noun] the tree Grewia asiatica of Tiliaceae family.
2) [noun] its berry from which a kind of beverage is made.
3) [noun] the tree Xylocarpus granatum.
4) [noun] fruit of this berry.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Parushakadi, Parushakani, Parushakasthali.
Full-text (+5): Mahaparushaka, Parushakadi, Parusakah, Bo lou sha jia, Parusakam, Parusha, Raga, Parushyaka, Parushyalipi, Paravata, Virecanopaga, Rajadana, Karamarda, Talaphala, Shadava, Parapara, Urvaruka, Pharusa, Vartaka, Cavita.
Relevant text
Search found 26 books and stories containing Parushaka, Parūṣakā, Parūṣaka, Parusaka, Pāruṣaka, Paruṣaka; (plurals include: Parushakas, Parūṣakās, Parūṣakas, Parusakas, Pāruṣakas, Paruṣakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
International Ayurvedic Medical Journal
Physiological study of garbhini paricharya < [2019, Issue 9, September]
Role of masanumasika pathya to prevent garbha shosha < [2021, Issue 9, September]
A summary on medicinal plants of jangala desha with respect to indian arid zone < [2023, Issue 09. September]
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 5: Treatment of various afflictions (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Chapter 1 - Symptoms and treatment of Raktapitta (Hemoptysis)
Chapter 6 - Diseases affecting the heart (hridroga)
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences
Garbhini Paricharya (Antenatal Care) - An Approach through Ayurveda < [Vol. 9 No. 9 (2024)]
The effect of Parushaka Moola Twak Lepa in Sukha Prasava - A Case Study < [Vol. 7 No. 8 (2022)]
Ayurvedic and contemporary view of Vishaghana Mahakashya < [Vol. 8 No. 9 (2023)]
Journal of Ayurveda and Holistic Medicine
Scientific review on Virechana Dravya (Purgative Drugs) of Charaka Samhita < [Volume 11, issue 11 (2023)]
Phyto-pharmacognostical study of mundi (sphaeranthus indicus linn.) < [Volume 2, issue 2 (2014)]
Acharya Sushrutokta Gana and their Pharmacological actions- A review < [Volume 11, issue 2 (2023)]
Conceptual Study of Garbhini Paricharya as per Harita Samhita < [Volume 8, Issue 5: September-October 2021]
A Review Article on Vishopadrava Chikitsa with special reference to Brihathrayee < [Volume 9, Issue 2: March-April 2022]
Kalka Dravya's Role in Niruha Basti Preparation: A Conceptual Analysis < [Volume 10, Issue 5: September-October 2023]
Taisho: Chinese Buddhist Canon
Scroll 6c - Chapter 8.1: The Thirty-three Devas < [Part 24 - Beginning of the World]
Scroll 6c - Chapter 8.1: The Thirty-Three Heavens (part 1) < [Part 25 - Sutra on the Causes and Beginning of the World]
Scroll 7 - Chapter 8.2: The Thirty-Three Heavens (part 2) < [Part 25 - Sutra on the Causes and Beginning of the World]
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