Karamarda, Karāmarda, Kara-amarda, Kara-marda: 11 definitions
Introduction:
Karamarda means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)
Karamarda (करमर्द) refers to a type of fruit-bearing plant, according to the Arthaśāstra II.15.19, and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—We can see the description of flowering and fruit bearing plants in Ṛgveda. But we come across the specific names of them only in the later Saṃhita and Brāhmaṇa literature. [...] Karamarda, parūṣaka, cūta (a variety of mango), Emblic myrobalan (āmalaka), Citrus medica, jujube, rose apple (jambu), cucumber (urvāruka), palm fruit (tālaphala), rājādana, pomegranate and jack fruit are referred to in Arthaśāstra.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Karamarda (करमर्द) refers to Carissa carandas and is mentioned in the Skandapurāṇa 2.5.9.—Accordingly, as Brahmā asked Śrī Bhagavān, “O Lord, tell me the procedure for Naivedya (food-offering) as it is actually practised. State fully how many kinds of cooked food are desired and what are the side dishes etc.? Śrī Bhagavān said: ‘[...] I shall state fully the (varieties) of food, drinks etc. and side dishes as well. [...] Grapes should be mixed with good mango and Karamarda (Carissa carandas). [...]”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Biology (plants and animals)
Karamarda [ಕರಮರ್ದ] in the Kannada language is the name of a plant identified with Carissa carandas L. from the Apocynaceae (Oleander) family having the following synonyms: Arduina carandas, Echites spinosus, Jasminonerium carandas. For the possible medicinal usage of karamarda, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
1) Karamarda in India is the name of a plant defined with Carissa carandas in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Damnacanthus esquirolii H. Lév. (among others).
2) Karamarda is also identified with Carissa spinarum It has the synonym Jasminonerium sechellense Kuntze (etc.).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Japanese J. Pharmacol. (1970)
· Indian J. Med. Res. (1963)
· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2007)
· Notulae Systematicae (Paris) (1950)
· Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. F. Welwitsch in 1853—61 (1853)
· Genetica (1985)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Karamarda, for example chemical composition, extract dosage, side effects, health benefits, diet and recipes, pregnancy safety, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Karāmarda (करामर्द).—Myrobalan (Mar. karavaṃda).
Derivable forms: karāmardaḥ (करामर्दः).
Karāmarda is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms kara and āmarda (आमर्द). See also (synonyms): karāmalaka.
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Karamarda (करमर्द).—Name of a plant (Carissa carandus; Mar. karavaṃda)
Derivable forms: karamardaḥ (करमर्दः).
Karamarda is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms kara and marda (मर्द). See also (synonyms): karamardī, karamardaka.
Karamarda (करमर्द).—i. e. kara-mṛd + a, I. m. A small acanthaceous tree, Carissa carandas, Lin., Mahābhārata 1, 11571. Ii. n. Its fruit, [Suśruta] 1, 210, 18.
1) Karamarda (करमर्द):—[=kara-marda] [from kara] m. Carissa Carandas, [Mahābhārata; Suśruta] etc.
2) Karamardā (करमर्दा):—[=kara-mardā] [from kara-marda > kara] f. Name of a river, [Śiva-purāṇa]
3) Karāmarda (करामर्द):—[from kara] m. = kara-marda.
Karamarda (करमर्द):—(kara Hand + marda) m. Name eines stachlichen Strauchs, Carissa Carandas Lin., [Mahābhārata 3, 11571.] [Suśruta 1, 143, 4. 157, 4. 2, 482, 18.] Auch karamardī f. [Ratnamālā im Śabdakalpadruma] und karamardaka m. [Amarakoṣa 2, 4, 2, 48.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 142.] n. die Frucht [Suśruta 1, 210, 18.]
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Karāmarda (करामर्द):—m. = karamarda [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma]
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Karamardā (करमर्दा):—f. Nomen proprium eines Flusses [Oxforder Handschriften 65,b,31.]
Karamarda (करमर्द):——
1) m. und *f. ī Carissa Carandas. —
2) f. ā Nomen proprium eines Flusses.
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Karāmarda (करामर्द):—m. = karmarda Crissa Carandas.
Karamarda (करमर्द) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Karamadda.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Karamarda (ಕರಮರ್ದ):—
1) [noun] the plant Carissa carundas of Apocynaceae family.
2) [noun] its fruit.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches (+0): Amarda, Marda, Kara.
Starts with (+0): Karamardaka, Karamardakaa, Karamardana.
Full-text (+1): Karamardi, Karamardaka, Karavamdige, Sushena, Karamarike, Karavadige, Karavamdi, Karamadda, Karavanda, Panimarda, Karamalaka, Pancakantaka, Kantakapancamula, Talaphala, Urvaruka, Cavita, Pancamula, Rajadana, Parushaka, Jambu.
Relevant text
Search found 26 books and stories containing Karamarda, Kara-amarda, Kara-āmarda, Kara-marda, Kara-mardā, Karāmarda, Karamardā, Karamardas; (plurals include: Karamardas, amardas, āmardas, mardas, mardās, Karāmardas, Karamardās, Karamardases). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Karamardādi Yoga vs. diclofenac for post-op pain: A trial < [Volume 35 (issue 4), Apr-Jun 2016]
Kautilya's Arthashastra's impact on Ayurvedic branches. < [Volume 26 (issue 1-2), Jul-Dec 2006]
Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 230 - The Series of Tīrthas Enumerated < [Section 3 - Revā-khaṇḍa]
Chapter 202 - Greatness of Rāmeśvara Ksetra < [Section 1 - Prabhāsa-kṣetra-māhātmya]
Chapter 111 - Greatness of Rāmeśvara Kṣetra (Rāma-īśvara) < [Section 1 - Prabhāsa-kṣetra-māhātmya]
Kshemakutuhala by Kshemasharma (critical study) (by Hiteshbhai Vrajalal Bhuptani)
Panakani (Beverages) in Ayurvedic cookery < [Chapter 4 - Cooking]
Ayurveda cooking rules of Patra-saka (Leafy vegetables) < [Chapter 4 - Cooking]
International Research Journal of Ayurveda and Yoga
Evalution of Hridya Mahakashaya of Charak Samhita in CVS :- A Literary Review < [Vol. 5 No. 8: Aug (2022)]
A Review On Amradi Varga (Medicinal Fruits) w.s.r To Dhanvantari Nighantu < [Vol. 4 No. 4: April (2021)]
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Pharmacological activities of Mishraka Gana: A literary survey. < [2019: Volume 8, January issue 1]
Significance of hridya mahakashay-a review < [2024: Volume 13, February issue 3]
Preliminary phytochemical screening of root of carissa carandus linn. < [2022: Volume 11, October special issue 14]
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Section CLVII < [Tirtha-yatra Parva]