Paribhasha, Paribhāsa, Paribhāṣā: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Paribhasha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Paribhāṣā can be transliterated into English as Paribhasa or Paribhasha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा).—An authoritative statement or dictum, helping (1) the correct interpretation of the rules (sūtras) of grammar, or (2) the removal of conflict between two rules which occur simultaneously in the process of the formation of words, (पदसिद्धि (padasiddhi)), or (3) the formation of correct words. Various definitions of the word परिभाषा (paribhāṣā) are given by commentators, the prominent ones being-परितो व्यापृतां भाषां परिभाषां प्रचक्षते (parito vyāpṛtāṃ bhāṣāṃ paribhāṣāṃ pracakṣate)(न्यास (nyāsa));or, परितो भाष्यते या सा परिभाषा प्रकीर्तिता (parito bhāṣyate yā sā paribhāṣā prakīrtitā). The word is also defined as विधौ नियामक-रिणी परिभाषा (vidhau niyāmaka-riṇī paribhāṣā) (दुर्गसिंहवृत्ति (durgasiṃhavṛtti)). परिभाषा (paribhāṣā) can also be briefiy defined as the convention of a standard author. Purusottamadeva applies the word परिभाषा (paribhāṣā) to the maxims of standard writers, cf. परिभाषा हिं न पाणिनीयानि वचनानि (paribhāṣā hiṃ na pāṇinīyāni vacanāni); Puru. Pari. 119; while Haribhaskara at the end of his treatise परिभाषाभास्कर (paribhāṣābhāskara), states that Vyaadi was the first writer on Paribhaasas. The rules तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य, तस्मादित्युत्तरस्य (tasminniti nirdiṣṭe pūrvasya, tasmādityuttarasya) and others are in fact Paribhaasa rules laid down by Panini. For the difference between परिभाषा (paribhāṣā) and अधिकार (adhikāra), see Mahabhasya on II.1.1. Many times the writers of Sutras lay down certain conventions for the proper interpretation of their rules, to which additions are made in course of time according to necessities that arise, by commentators. In the different systems of grammar there are different collections of Paribhasas. In Panini's system, apart from commentaries thereon, there are independent collections of Paribhasas by Vyadi, Bhojadeva, Purusottamadeva, Siradeva, Nilakantha, Haribhaskara, Nagesa and a few others. There are independent collections of Paribhasas in the Katantra, Candra, Sakatayana,Jainendra and Hemacandra systems of grammar. It is a noticeable fact that many Paribhasas are common, with their wordings quite similar or sometimes identical in the different systems. Generally the collections of Paribhasas have got scholiums or commentaries by recognised grammarians, which in their turn have sometimes other glosses or commentaries upon them. The Paribhaasendusekhara of Nagesa is an authoritative work of an outstanding merit in the system of Paninis Grammar, which is commented upon by more than twenty five scholars during the last two or three centuries. The total number of Paribhasas in the diferent systems of grammar may wellnigh exceed 500. See परिभाषासंग्रह (paribhāṣāsaṃgraha).
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Dharmashastra (religious law)
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा) is defined as a general rule or definition applicable throughout a whole system, and more binding than any particular rule. How well this sense of paribhāṣā was understood in India, we may see from a passage in the Śiśupālavadha XVI, 80: “whose (the king’s) command, though brief, having reached the whole kingdom round about and obtained authority, is never defeated, being of the highest weight, like a Paribhāṣā”.
These Paribhāṣās are a very characteristic invention of ancient Indian authors, particularly during the Sūtra period. We find them as early as the Anukramaṇīs, and even at that early time they had been elaborated with many purely technical contrivances.
Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा) refers to one of the topics dealt with in the Rudradatta, as mentioned in A. Rahman’s Science and Technology in Medievel India: A bibliography of source materials in Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian.—Ancient and medieval India produced a wide range of scientific manuscripts and major contributions lie in the field of medicine, astronomy and mathematics, besides covering encyclopedic glossaries and technical dictionaries.—Paribhāṣā and other topics of the the Rudradatta deal with medicine.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा, “rule of interpretation”).—This sort of rule doesn't address other rules: it addresses the person reading them! Such a rule tells us how we should read and understand the other rules in the Aṣṭādhyāyī.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा) refers to “censure”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] At that time, sixty koṭis of Bodhisattvas, having stood up from the congregation, joined their palms, paid homage to the Lord, and then uttered these verses in one voice: ‘[...] (195) In order to uphold the true dharma, with patience we will endure the words of abuse, censure (paribhāṣā) and reviling. (196) Upholding this guiding principle, we will endure all these scoffing, threats, decrying, and defaming. [...]’”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
paribhāsa : (m.) abuse; blame; censure.
Paribhāsa, (fr. pari+bhāṣ) censure, abuse, blame J. V, 373; PvA. 175. (Page 430)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
paribhāṣā (परिभाषा).—f (S) A conventional term in a science, a technicality. 2 A list of definitions; or the table of the abbreviations, signs, and marks used in a work: also the introductory chapter; preliminary observations; prolegomena. 3 fig. The first points or principles (as of a business). Ex. kōṇhī ēka vyavahārācī pa0 samajē tōṃ tō vyavahāra kaṭhīṇa vāṭa- tō. 4 In medicine. Prognosis. 5 In grammar. A maxim given as an interpretation of the rules of Panini.
paribhāṣā (परिभाषा).—f A conventional term in a science. The first principles (as of a business).
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा).—
1) Speech, discourse; ग्राम्यवैदग्ध्यया परिभाषया (grāmyavaidagdhyayā paribhāṣayā) Bhāgavata 5.2.17.
2) Censure, reproof, blame, abuse.
3) An explanation.
4) Terminology, technical phraseology, technical terms (used in a work); इति परिभाषाप्रकरणम् (iti paribhāṣāprakaraṇam) Sk.; इको गुणवृद्धीत्यादिका परिभाषा (iko guṇavṛddhītyādikā paribhāṣā) Mbh; cf. also अधिकारशब्देन पारार्थ्यात् परिभाषाप्युच्यते । कश्चित् परिभाषारूप इति (adhikāraśabdena pārārthyāt paribhāṣāpyucyate | kaścit paribhāṣārūpa iti) Kaiyaṭa.
5) (Hence) Any general rule, precept or definition which is applicable throughout (aniyamanivārako nyāya- viśeṣaḥ); परितः प्रमिताक्षरापि सर्वं विषयं प्राप्तवती गता प्रतिष्ठाम् । न खलु प्रतिहन्यते कदाचित् परिभाषेव गरीयसी यदाज्ञा (paritaḥ pramitākṣarāpi sarvaṃ viṣayaṃ prāptavatī gatā pratiṣṭhām | na khalu pratihanyate kadācit paribhāṣeva garīyasī yadājñā) Śiśupālavadha 16.8.
6) A list of abbreviations or signs used in any work.
7) (In gram.) An explanatory Sūtra mixed up with the other Sūtras of Pāṇini, which teaches the method of applying them.
8) (In medicine) Prognosis.
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा).—f.
(-ṣā) 1. A technicality, a conventional term in any science. 2. (In Grammar,) A maxim given by the ancient grammarians as a summary interpretation of the rules of Panini. 3. (In medicine,) Prognosis. 4. Abuse, ridicule. 5. A speech. 6. Censure, blame. E. pari severally, and bhāṣā speech.
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा).—[pari-bhāṣ + ā], f. 1. Speech, Mahābhārata 13, 7417. 2. A general maxim.
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा).—[feminine] the same, a kind of rule ([grammar]).
1) Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—[anonymous] Pheh. 14.
2) Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा):—paribhāṣāḥ [grammatical] of the Pāṇinīya school. Io. 1936. W. p. 216. B. 3, 10. Ben. 20. Np. Vi, 70. Bhr. 186. Oppert. 4641. 4704. 4871. 6943. Peters. 3, 392. Bühler 556. See Paribhāṣāvṛtti.
—of the Śākaṭāyana grammar. Bühler 544.
—to the Supadma grammar, by Padmanābhadatta. Io. 802.
3) Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा):—paribhāṣāḥ vaid. Oppert. 4594.
4) Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा):—paribhāṣāḥ [dharma] by Nīlakaṇṭha Bhaṭṭa. Rice. 206.
5) Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा):—paribhāṣāḥ [grammatical] of the Pāṇinīya school. Oudh. Xx, 76. Stein 42.
1) Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा):—[=pari-bhāṣā] [from pari-bhāṣ] f. speech, discourse, words, [Mahābhārata; Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
2) [v.s. ...] blame, censure, reproof (only [plural]), [Patañjali; Bālarāmāyaṇa]
3) [v.s. ...] any explanatory rule or general definition, (in gram.) a rule or maxim which teaches the proper interpretation or application of other rules, [Pāṇini]
4) [v.s. ...] (in [medicine]) prognosis
5) [v.s. ...] a table or list of abbreviations or signs used in any work
6) [v.s. ...] (also [plural]) Name of sub voce works.
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा):—[pari-bhāṣā] (ṣā) 1. f. Abuse; a technicality; prognosis.
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा):—(wie eben) f.
1) Rede, Worte [Mahābhārata 13, 7417.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 5, 2, 17. 10, 15.] —
2) Tadel [Vyutpatti oder Mahāvyutpatti 73. 164.] —
3) eine allgemeine Bestimmung, die durchweg Geltung hat, [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 2, 25. 1, 1, 3.] kālopasarjanayoḥ [Kāśikīvṛtti] zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 2, 57.] avamadinakṣayayoḥ [Oxforder Handschriften 86,b,2.] sūktāḥ suparibhāṣāśca [Vāyupurāṇa] in [Oxforder Handschriften 47,a,11. v. u.] dharmasya svarūpaṃ pramāṇaṃ paribhāṣāṃ coktvā idānīṃ dharmānuṣṭhānayogyadeśānāha [Kullūka] zu [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 2, 17.] etatsakalavyavahārasādhāraṇaṃ paribhāṣātmakamuktam [8, 46.] [Weber’s Verzeichniss 282, 32.] [Weber’s Indische Studien 1, 82.] yajñaparibhāṣāsūtrāṇi [morgenländischen Gesellschaft 9, XLIII.] Ueber die grammatischen Paribhāṣā s. [BÖHTL.] in der Einl. zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher II, LI. fg.] und [GOLD.] in der Einl. zu [MĀN. 106. fgg.] Schol. zu [Prātiśākhya zur Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 1, 33. 4, 128.] [Weber’s Indische Studien 4, 336.] na khalu pratihanyate kutaścitparibhāṣeva (iko guṇavṛddhī [?[Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 1, 3]] ityādikā paribhāṣā [Scholiast]) garīyasī yadājñā [Śiśupālavadha 16, 80.] paribhāṣāvṛtti, laghuparibhāṣāvṛtti, paribhāṣārthasaṃgraha, paribhāṣārthasaṃgrahavyākhyācandrikā, paribhāṣenduśekhara, paribhāṣenduśekharakāśikā und pāṇinimatānugāminī paribhāṣā Titel von Schriften, die über die grammatischen Paribhāṣā handeln, [Colebrooke II, 14. 41.] [GOLD. a. a. O.] [Oxforder Handschriften No. 353. fg.] — Vgl. pāribhāṣika .
--- OR ---
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा):—
1) Gespräch, Unterhaltung: paribhāṣā mitho jalpaḥ [DAŚAR. 1, 47.] —
3) taddyūtaparibhāṣaiṣā hāritaṃ yanna dīyate [Kathāsaritsāgara 74, 148.] paribhāṣārthadīpikā f. Titel eines Commentars [HALL 100.]
--- OR ---
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा):—
2) paribhāṣāśca na no bhaviṣyanti und es wird uns kein Vorwurf treffen [Patañjali] [?a. a. O.3,28,a.] —
3) paribhāṣā punarekadeśasthā satī kṛtsnaṃ śāstramabhijvalayati pradīpavat ebend. [2,306,b.]
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा):—f. —
1) Rede , Worte. —
2) Tadel , Vorwurf ; Beschimpfung [Bālarāmāyaṇa 261,18.NUR] Pl. —
3) eine allgemeine Bestimmung , die durchweg Geltung hat ; insbes. ein grammatische. —
4) Titel verschiedener Werke [Private libraries (Gustav) 1.]
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Paribhāsā.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा):—(nf) definition; ~[bhāṣāgata/~paraka] definitional; ~[bhāṣita] defined; —[meṃ bāṃdhanā] to define.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
1) Paribhāsa (परिभास) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Paribhāṣ.
2) Paribhāsā (परिभासा) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Paribhāṣā.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Nepali dictionary
Paribhāṣā (परिभाषा):—n. 1. definition; explanation; clarification; 2. dialogue; conversation; 3. technical phraseology;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Bhasha, Pari.
Starts with (+10): Paribhaashak, Paribhasaka, Paribhasha kalingadeshiya, Paribhashabhashyasutra, Paribhashabhaskara, Paribhashacandrika, Paribhashachandomanjari, Paribhashakrodapattra, Paribhashamanjari, Paribhashana, Paribhashaniya, Paribhashankasutra, Paribhashapatha, Paribhashapradipa, Paribhashapradiparcis, Paribhashaprakarana, Paribhashaprakasha, Paribhashaprakashika, Paribhasharahasya, Paribhasharthamanjari.
Full-text (+274): Paribhashavritti, Paribhashapradiparcis, Paribhashaprakasha, Paribhashabhaskara, Danaparibhasha, Rupakaparibhasha, Tarkaparibhasha, Paribhashaprakarana, Yajnaparibhasha, Magadhaparibhasha, Paribhashasutra, Paribhashaprakashika, Paribhasharahasya, Paribhashasara, Paribhashavishesha, Paribhashamanjari, Paribhashashiromani, Paribhashaviveka, Paribhashatika, Paribhashasamgraha.
Relevant text
Search found 89 books and stories containing Paribhasha, Pari-bhāṣā, Pari-bhasa, Pari-bhasha, Paribhaasha, Paribhāsa, Paribhāṣā, Paribhasa, Paribhāsā, Paribhaṣā, Paribhāṣa; (plurals include: Paribhashas, bhāṣās, bhasas, bhashas, Paribhaashas, Paribhāsas, Paribhāṣās, Paribhasas, Paribhāsās, Paribhaṣās, Paribhāṣas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Apastamba Yajna-paribhasa-sutras (by Hermann Oldenberg)
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Nakṣatramālā of Śivarāma Tripāṭhi < [Chapter 1 - Śāstrakāvyas—A Brief Survey]
Saṃjñā (in Grammar) < [Chapter 3 - Vāsudevavijaya—A Grammatical Study]
Avyayībhāva-samāsa (Compound) < [Chapter 3 - Vāsudevavijaya—A Grammatical Study]
International Ayurvedic Medical Journal
Fundamental principles of bhaishajya kalpana < [2021, Issue 1, January]
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