Muka, Mūka, Mūka: 27 definitions
Introduction:
Muka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Muk.
Images (photo gallery)
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
1) Mūka (मूक).—A serpent born of the family of Takṣaka. This serpent was burnt to death at the Sarpasatra of Janamejaya. (Śloka 9, Chapter 5, Ādi Parva).
2) Mūka (मूक).—An asura. This demon once went to Arjuna who was engaged in penance in the forests. He had assumed the form of a boar and Arjuna killed him. At once Śiva appeared there in the guise of a forester and contended that the boar was killed by him. A quarrel ensued which ended in a fight between them. In the end Śiva appeared before Arjuna in his real form and granted him the missile Pāśupata. (See under Arjuna).
3) Mūka (मूक).—A Caṇḍāla devoted much to his parents. A Brāhmaṇa named Narottama went to this caṇḍāla to learn moral lessons from him. (Sṛṣṭikhaṇḍa, Padma Purāṇa).
Mūka (मूक) refers to an “dumb person”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.32 (“The seven celestial sages arrive”).—Accordingly, as the Seven Sages said to Śiva: “[...] O Sadāśiva, we have become the most excellent of all people by your remembering us. Usually you never even come across the path of ambitions and aspirations of ordinary people. O lord, your vision, very difficult to be acquired, is like the fruit stooping down within the reach of the dwarf, like sight to a man born blind, like eloquency acquired by a dumb man (mūka), like the indigent meeting with a treasure-trove, like the lame man reaching the top of a high mountain and like the barren woman bearing a child. [...]”.
1a) Mūka (मूक).—A son of Hrāda killed by Savysāci (Arjuna) in Kairāta.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 5. 34, 36; Vāyu-purāṇa 67. 72, 73.
1b) A tribe of the Madhyadeśa.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 114. 36.
Mūka (मूक) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.52.8, I.57) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Mūka) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Mūka (मूक) or Mūkatva refers to “being foolish”, according to the Kubjikāmata-tantra, the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “If the teachers who are in the world have little knowledge how can (authentic spiritual) knowledge be protected (from corruption)? (Indeed, such teachers) steal knowledge away. If a disciple disrespects (his) teacher (thinking to himself) ‘I have acquired the essence of (his) knowledge, (it is time to) leave’ (and does so) without saying (that he is leaving), the goddesses will block (his development) and make (him) more foolish (mūka-tva). [...]”.
Mūka (मूक) or Mūkatantra refers to one of the twenty-three Vāmatantras, belonging to the Śāktāgama (or Śāktatantra) division of the Āgama tradition. The Śāktāgamas represent the wisdom imparted by Devī to Īśvara and convey the idea that the worship of Śakti is the means to attain liberation. According to the Pratiṣṭhālakṣaṇasamuccaya of Vairocana, the Śāktatantras are divided into to four parts, the Mūka-tantra belonging to the Vāma class.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Mūka (मूक) refers to “one who is dumb”, according to the Dattātreyayogaśāstra verse 101.4 and Yogatattvopaniṣat 1.76-78.—Accordingly, while discussing the concerns about the use of Siddhis: “These [Siddhis] are obstacles to the great Siddhi (i.e., liberation). The wise [Yogin] does not delight in them. He should never reveal his own power to anyone, except sometimes he may do so to a devotee out of kindness. The Yogin should behave among people as though dumb (mūka), simple or deaf, in order to keep his powers hidden. If not, then there will surely be many students [who will] undoubtedly ask the master of Yoga [to intervene] in their own affairs. [Because of this,] he will become preoccupied with carrying out their actions and forgetful of his own [Yoga] practice”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Shyanika-shastra (the science of Hawking and Hunting)
Mūka (मूक) refers to a “silent” (Hawk), according to the Śyainika-śāstra: a Sanskrit treatise dealing with the divisions and benefits of Hunting and Hawking, written by Rājā Rudradeva (or Candradeva) in possibly the 13th century.—Accordingly, [while discussing the yellow-eyed division of hawks]: “Vāsā becomes admired, if its voice is pleasing. The Vājā is good, if it is silent (mūka). Kuhī is good, if its throat and the ‘ends of its ears’ are silvery”.
Shyanika-shastra (श्यैनिकशास्त्र, śyainikaśāstra) deals with ancient Indian skill of hawking/falconry (one of the ways of hunting) which were laid down in a systematic manner in various Sanskrit treatises. It also explains the philosophy behind how the pleasures derived from sense-experience could lead the way to liberation.
Vedanta (school of philosophy)
Mūka (मूक) refers to a “dumb man”, according to the Aṣṭāvakragītā (5th century BC), an ancient text on spirituality dealing with Advaita-Vedānta topics.—Accordingly, [as Aṣṭavakra says to Janaka]: “[...] Liberation is distaste for the objects of the senses. Bondage is love of the senses. This is knowledge. Now do as you please. This awareness of the truth makes an eloquent, clever and energetic man dumb (mūka), stupid and lazy [vāgmiprājñamahodyogaṃ janaṃ mūkajaḍālasam], so it is avoided by those whose aim is enjoyment [...]”.
Vedanta (वेदान्त, vedānta) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. There are a number of sub-schools of Vedanta, however all of them expound on the basic teaching of the ultimate reality (brahman) and liberation (moksha) of the individual soul (atman).
General definition (in Hinduism)
mūka means dumb
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Mūka (मूक, “mute”).—According to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XIV), “then, amongst the beings of the trisāhasramahāsāhasralokadāthu, the mute (mūka) began to speak”. What sins (āpatti) have they committed in order to be mute? Answer. – They have cut out someone’s tongue or choked someone; they have made someone unable to speak by means of an evil herb; hearing the instructions of their teacher (ācārya) or the orders of their father, they have cut off their speech and not followed their advice; acting in bad ways, they did not believe in sin or merit and opposed correct speech (samyagvāc). Condemned to hell, when they are reborn in human form, they are mute, unable to speak. Those are the various causes that make someone mute (mūka).
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Mūkā (मूका) is the birth-place of Marīci: the name of a Cakrin and later incarnation of Marīci, according to chapter 1.6 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.
Accordingly, “[...] Marīci will attain enlightenment gradually from contact with the fire of pure meditation, like a cloth pure from fire, like pure gold. In this same Bharatakṣetra in the city Potana he will be the first Dāśārha (Vāsudeva), Tripṛṣṭha by name. In course of time, in the East Videhas in the city Mūkā, he will become a Cakrin, Priyamitra, the son of Dhanañjaya and Dhāriṇī. After he has wandered in existence for a long time, he will become the twenty-fourth Tīrthakṛt, Mahāvīra, in Bharatakṣetra”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
mukā (मुका).—a Dumb. 2 Mute or silent. 3 fig. Wanting a head, blind--a guineaworm, a boil, tumor, pustule: not having its kernel yet formed or its milk so abundant as to flop and sound within--a cocoanut: that do not readily germinate on being steeped--particular pulses &c.; or that remains hard or unpuffed by steeping--a grain: unexpanded--a bud, sprout, leaf: working without noise--sugarmills, waterwheels &c.
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mukā (मुका).—m A kiss. v ghē g. of o.
mukā (मुका).—m A kiss. a Dumb; mute, silent.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Muka (मुक).—The smell of cow-dung.
Derivable forms: mukaḥ (मुकः).
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Mūka (मूक).—a. [mū-kak]
1) Dumb, silent, mute, speechless; मूकं करोति वाचालम् (mūkaṃ karoti vācālam); मूकाण्डजम् (mūkāṇḍajam) (kānanam) Kumārasambhava 3.42; सखीमियं वीक्ष्य विषादमूकाम् (sakhīmiyaṃ vīkṣya viṣādamūkām) Gītagovinda 7; मूकीभूतघण्टास्वरास्वन्तःपुरदोलासु (mūkībhūtaghaṇṭāsvarāsvantaḥpuradolāsu) K.9; मूकीभूतवीणा (mūkībhūtavīṇā) K.132.
2) Poor, miserable, wretched.
-kaḥ 1 A mute; मौनान्मूकः (maunānmūkaḥ) H.2.26. v. l.; Manusmṛti 7.149.
2) A poor or miserable man.
3) A fish.
4) The offspring of a mule and a mare.
-kā A crucible; see मूषा (mūṣā)
Derivable forms: mūkam (मूकम्).
Mūka (मूक).—mfn.
(-kaḥ-kā-kaṃ) 1. Dumb. 2. Poor, wretched. m.
(-kaḥ) 1. A fish. 2. A demon. 3. A pauper. E. mū imitative sound, and kai to utter, aff. ka; or mū to bind, kak aff.
Mūka (मूक).—I. adj. Dumb, [Pañcatantra] i. [distich] 71. Ii. m. 1. A fish. 2. A poor man. 3. A Daitya.
— Cf. [Latin] mūtus.
Mūka (मूक).—(mūka) [adjective] dumb, silent; [abstract] tā† [feminine], tva† [neuter]
1) Muka (मुक):—m. the smell of cow-dung
2) mf(ā)n. having the smell of cow-dung, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) Mukā (मुका):—f. Name of a town, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
4) Mūka (मूक):—[from mū] mf(ā)n. ([Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa] mūka) ‘tied or bound’ ([scilicet] tongue-tied), dumb, speechless, mute, silent, [Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā] etc. etc.
5) [v.s. ...] wretched, poor, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) [v.s. ...] m. a fish, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) [v.s. ...] the offspring of a mule and mare, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) [v.s. ...] Name of a Dānava, [Mahābhārata]
9) [v.s. ...] of a serpent-demon, [ib.]
10) [v.s. ...] of a poet, [Catalogue(s)]
11) Mūkā (मूका):—[from mūka > mū] f. a crucible, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] (= or [wrong reading] for mūṣā).
1) Mukā (मुका):—(kā) 1. f. Dregs.
2) Mūka (मूक):—[(kaḥ-kā-kaṃ) a.] Dumb. m. A fish. a demon; a pauper.
Mūka (मूक):—(von 1. mū; mūka [UJJVAL.] zu [Uṇādisūtra 3, 41])
1) adj. f. ā a) stumm [Amarakoṣa 3, 1, 13.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 349.] [Anekārthasaṃgraha 2, 14.] [Medinīkoṣa k. 30.] [Halāyudha 2, 454.] [Vājasaneyisaṃhitā 30, 19.] [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 1, 4, 3, 15. 11, 5, 4, 13.] [Kauṣītakyupaniṣad 3, 3.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 7, 149. 9, 201. 11, 52.] [Mahābhārata 2, 259.] [Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio 2, 48, 13.] [Suśruta 1, 89, 11. 319, 14.] [KĀM. NĪTIS. 12, 42.] [Spr. 2257.] paraguṇe [3447.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka 20, 4.] [DAŚAR. 2, 42.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 7, 66.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 71, 21. 72, 22.] [Weber’s Verzeichniss 289, 2.] viṣāda [Gītagovinda 7, 12.] praśna [Oxforder Handschriften 334,b,12.] mūkāṇḍaja (kānana) [Kumārasaṃbhava 3, 42.] abdāḥ [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 24, 21.] niśi stimitamūkāyām [Harivaṃśa 4130. 15230.] mūkavat [Spr. 553.] [Mahābhārata 3, 1389.] Vgl. maukya . — b) in einem kläglichen Zustande sich befindend (dīna) [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [UJJVAL.] —
2) m. a) Fisch [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 1, 2, 15.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 195.] — b) Nomen proprium α) eines Dānava [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] (lies daitya st. dainya) . [Mahābhārata 3, 1557.] [Viṣṇupurāṇa 147,] [Nalopākhyāna 1.] — β) eines Schlangendämons [Mahābhārata 1, 2150.] — Vgl. aneḍa (blind [Halāyudha 2, 454]), ṛṣya, eḍa, kalla taubstumm ( [Halāyudha]), mauka, maukya .
Mukā (मुका):—f. Nomen proprium einer Stadt [Wilson's Uebersetzung des Viṣṇupurāṇa 2,165.]
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Mūka (मूक):—[Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 1,4,2,15.]) —
1) Adj. f. ā stumm (sowohl nicht sprechen könnend , keinen Laut von sich zu geben vermögend , als auch momentan schweigend , keinen Laut von sich gebend , lautlos überh.) b. * in einem kläglichen Zustande sich befindend. —
2) m. — a) Fisch. — b) Nomen proprium — α) eines Dānava. — β) eines Schlangendämons. — γ) eines Dichter [Private libraries (Gustav) 1,] No. 596. Auch kavi (1308. 6638. 6773.
6980) und mahākavi (2250).
Mūka (मूक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Mukka, Maala, Mūalla.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Mūka (मूक) [Also spelled mook]:—(a) dumb; mute, speechless; —[abhinaya] pantomime; ~[tā] aphonia, dumbness; muteness, speechlessness; —[samarthana] silent backing; —[svīkṛti] tacit approval.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Muka (ಮುಕ):—
1) [noun] (correctly ಮುಖ [mukha]) the front part of the head, from the forehead to the chin; the face.
2) [noun] the mouth.
3) [noun] the point toward which something faces; direction.
4) [noun] the place or position directly before a person or thing; front.
5) [noun] confidence in oneself, one’s own abilities, etc.; self-confidence.
6) [noun] the act or an instance of beginning; commencement.
7) [noun] the front portion of anything.
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Mūka (ಮೂಕ):—
1) [adjective] lacking the power of speech; mute.
2) [adjective] unwilling to talk; silent.
3) [adjective] not accompanied by speech.
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Mūka (ಮೂಕ):—
1) [noun] a dumb man.
2) [noun] a fish.
3) [noun] the offspring of a horse and an ass; a zebra.
4) [noun] (myth.) name of a demon.
5) [noun] a very poor man.
6) [noun] ಮೂಕ ಕಂಡ ಕನಸು [muka kamda kanasu] mūka kaṇḍa kanasu an experience, revelation that cannot be expressed in words; ಮೂಕನೆದುರು ಮೂಗು ತುರಿಸಬೇಡ [mukaneduru mugu turisabeda] mūkaneduru mūgu turisabēḍa halt not before a cripple, lest he would thing that he is insulted.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Tamil dictionary
Muka (முக) [mukattal] 12 transitive verb [K. moge.]
1. To draw, as water; to bale; மொள்ளுதல். கனையிருள் வானங் கடன்முகத்து [molluthal. kanaiyirul vanang kadanmugathu] (கலித்தொகை [kalithogai] 145).
2. To measure, as grain or liquid; நெல் நீர் முதலியன அளத்தல். முகத்தலளவை. [nel nir muthaliyana alathal. mugathalalavai.]
3. To obtain in full measure; நிரம்பப்பெறுதல். முகந் தனர் திருவருள் [nirambapperuthal. mugan thanar thiruvarul] (கம்பராமாயணம் எழுச்சி. [kambaramayanam ezhuchi.] 2).
4. To lift, take up; தாங்கியெடுத்தல். முகந்துயிர் மூழ்கப்புல்லி [thangiyeduthal. muganthuyir muzhkappulli] (கம்பராமாயணம் கும்பகர்ண. [kambaramayanam kumbagarna.] 129).
5. cf. உக-. [uga-.] To desire, like; விரும்புதல். மூர்க்கரை மூர்க்கர் முகப்பர் [virumbuthal. murkkarai murkkar mugappar] (நல் வழி [nal vazhi], 24).
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Muka (முக) [mukattal] 12 transitive verb < மோ-. [mo-.] To smell; மூக்கால் நுகருதல். [mukkal nugaruthal.] Colloq.
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Mūkā (மூகா) [mūkāttal] 11 intransitive verb < மூகம் [mugam] + ஆ⁷-. [a⁷-.] To be mute or silent; மௌனமாயிருத்தல். (யாழ்ப்பாணத்து மானிப்பாயகராதி) [maunamayiruthal. (yazhppanathu manippayagarathi)]
Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.
Nepali dictionary
Mūka (मूक):—adj. 1. dumb; 2. helpless; powerless;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+22): Miga, Muka Danda, Muka Dava, Muka foni, Muka velai, Muka-abhinaya, Muka-anaikal, Muka-calacitra, Mukabali, Mukabasava, Mukabhava, Mukabrahma, Mukacanni, Mukacanti, Mukacaram, Mukaccarakku, Mukaccarttu, Mukaccatai, Mukaccatu, Mukaccavaram.
Full-text (+514): Miga, Rishyamuka, Mukata, Edamuka, Anedamuka, Mukapancashati, Mukatva, Mukam, Kallamuka, Mukama, Kalamuka, Muka-mukamay, Irulmuka, Mukakavi, Maukya, Mukandaja, Mukabhava, Mukamba, Cakkhudhatumulaka, Mukamusha.
Relevant text
Search found 81 books and stories containing Muka, Moogaa, Muga, Mūka, Mūka, Mukā, Mūkā; (plurals include: Mukas, Moogaas, Mugas, Mūkas, Mukās, Mūkās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 720 < [Marathi-Hindi-English, Volume 2]
Page 500 < [Tamil-Hindi-English, Volume 2]
Page 479 < [Tamil-Hindi-English, Volume 2]
Tirumantiram by Tirumular (English translation)
Verse 1330: Seek Hrim Sakti Constant; Your Face Will Glow < [Tantra Four (nankam tantiram) (verses 884-1418)]
Verse 1735: The Five Faces of Sadasiva and their Hues < [Tantra Seven (elam tantiram) (verses 1704-2121)]
Verse 1033: Form of Siva-Sakti in Sacrificial Fire < [Tantra Four (nankam tantiram) (verses 884-1418)]
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
Act 5.8: The weak, the sick and the crippled are healed < [Chapter XIV - Emission of rays]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 15: Incarnation as Priyamitra < [Chapter I - Previous births of Mahāvīra]
Part 4: Incarnation as Marīci < [Chapter I - Previous births of Mahāvīra]
Part 5: Marīci’s pride < [Chapter I - Previous births of Mahāvīra]
Taisho: Chinese Buddhist Canon
Part 168 - Prince Muka Sutra (translted by Dharmaraksha) < [Jataka and Avadana Section (Volume 3-4)]
Part 167 - Prince Muka Sutra (translted by An Shigao) < [Jataka and Avadana Section (Volume 3-4)]