Gama, Gāma: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Gama means something in Jainism, Prakrit, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve ReflectionsGama (गम) refers to the “setting (of the sun)”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “Sentient beings, inflamed by very intense pleasure [and] unsteady from affliction by wrong faith, wander about in a five-fold life that is difficult to be traversed. It has been stated at length that the cycle of rebirth which is full of suffering is five-fold on account of combining substance , place, right time [com.—time (kālaḥ) is characterised by the progressive half of the cycle of time, etc. (utsarpiṇyādilakṣaṇaḥ) or indicated by the setting and rising of the sun, etc. (sūryagamāgamādivyaṅgyaḥ)], life and intention”.
Source: SOAS Research Online: Prekṣā meditation: History and MethodsGama (गम) refers to “accessible”; as opposed to Agama—“ inaccessible” which refers to one of the 46 qualities of the soul to be meditated on in the “Practice of Meditation on Liberated Souls (Siddhas)”, according to Jain texts like Ācārāṅga (5.6.123-140), Ṣaṭkhaṇḍāgama (13.5.4.31) and Samayasāra (1.49).—The pure soul can be recognised by meditation on its true nature, represented by the liberated souls of the Siddhas. [...] The qualities of the soul to be meditated on as truly mine are: [e.g., My soul is inaccessible (a-gama)] [...] The meditation on such extended fourty-five qualities of the pure soul presents the niśacaya-naya, which is aligned with Kundakunda’s approach.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: archive.org: Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1963Gāma is the name of a locality that existed in the ancient kingdom of Anurādhapura, Ceylon (Sri Lanka).—The Taraccha tank was built in Devānaṃpiya Tissa’s reign (B.C. 247-207) was in or close to Anurādhapura: also close to the City were:—(i) Hakaragoḍa; (ii) Ilubarata; and (iii) Gāma.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarygāma : (m.) village.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryGāma, (Vedic grāma, heap, collection, parish; *grem to comprise; Lat. gremium; Ags. crammian (E. cram), Obulg. gramada (village community) Ohg. chram; cp. *ger in Gr. a)geirw, a)gorά, Lat, grex.) a collection of houses, a hamlet (cp. Ger. gemeinde), a habitable place (opp. arañña: gāme vā yadi vâraññe Sn.119), a parish or village having boundaries & distinct from the surrounding country (gāmo ca gāmupacāro ca Vin.I, 109, 110; III, 46). In size varying, but usually small & distinguished from nigama, a market-town. It is the smallest in the list of settlements making up a “state” (raṭṭhaṃ). See definition & description at Vin.III, 46, 200. It is the source of support for the bhikkhus, and the phrase gāmaṃ piṇḍāya carati “to visit the parish for alms” is extremely frequent.—1. a village as such: Vin.I, 46; Ārāmika°, Pilinda° Vin.I, 28, 29 (as Ārāmikagāmaka & Pilinda-gāmaka at Vin.III, 249); Sakyānaṃ gāme janapade Lumbineyye Sn.683; Uruvela° Pv.II, 1318; gāmo nâtikālena pavisitabbo M.I, 469; °ṃ raṭṭhañ ca bhuñjati Sn.619, 711; gāme tiṃsa kulāni honti J.I, 199;— Sn.386, 929, 978; J.II, 153; VI, 366; Dh.47, 49; Dhs.697 (suñño g.); PvA.73 (gāme amaccakula); 67 (gāmassa dvārasamīpena).—gāmā gāmaṃ from hamlet to hamlet M.II, 20; Sn.180 (with nagā nagaṃ; expl. SnA 216 as devagāmā devagāmaṃ), 192 (with purā puraṃ); Pv.II, 1318. In the same sense gāmena gāmaṃ Nd2 177 (with nigamena n°, nagarena n°., raṭṭhena r°., janapadena j°.).—2. grouped with nigama, a market-town: gāmanigamo sevitabbo or asevitabbo A.IV, 365 sq., cp. V.101 (w. janapadapadeso);— Vin.III, 25, 184 (°ṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya); IV, 93 (piṇḍāya pavisati); gāmassa vā nigamassa vā avidūre D.I, 237; M.I, 488; gāme vā nigame vā Pug.66.—3. as a geographical-political unit in the constitution of a kingdom, enumerated in two sets: (a) gāma-nigamarājadhāniyo Vin.III, 89; A.III, 108; Nd2 271III; Pv.II, 1318; DhA.I, 90.—(b) gāma-nigama-nagara-raṭṭha-janapada Nd2 177, 304III (°bandhana), 305 (°kathā); with the foll. variations: g. nigama nagara M.II, 33—40; g. nigama janapada Sn.995; Vism.152; gāmāni nigamāni ca Sn.118 (explained by SnA 178: ettha ca saddena nagarāni ti pi vattabbaṃ).—See also dvāra°; paccanta°; bīja°; bhūta°; mātu°.
Source: Sutta: Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionary1) gama (ဂမ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[gamu+a．,5.44．paco-．gama-saddāyuea pāraṅgamā．saṃ,1.27.kūṭaṅgamā．aṃ,2.32va．dūraṅgamā.aṃ,2.5va2．dhamma.18.uddhaṅgamā．visuddhi,1.345-canitea aluttasaane aprukra．vimāna,ṭṭha.71.sī,ṭī,,2.128-niteamū gama- apru rhira.]
[ဂမု+အ။ မောဂ်၊၅။၄၄။ ပစော-ကဲ့သို့မှတ်။ ဂမ-သဒ္ဒါနှင့်ပတ်သက်၍ ပါရင်္ဂမာ။ သံ၊၁။၂၇။ကူဋင်္ဂမာ။ အံ၊၂။၃၂ဝ။ ဒူရင်္ဂမာ။အံ၊၂။၅ဝ၂။ ဓမ္မ။၁၈။ဥဒ္ဓင်္ဂမာ။ ဝိသုဒ္ဓိ၊၁။၃၄၅-စသည်တို့၌ အလုတ္တသမာသ်အနေဖြင့် အသုံးပြုကြသည်။ ဝိမာန၊ဋ္ဌ။၇၁။သီ၊ဋီ၊သစ်၊၂။၁၂၈-တို့၌မူ ဂမ-ပုဒ်သက်သက် ဖြင့်လည်း ဖွင့်ဆို အသုံးပြုသည်ကို တွေ့ရှိရသည်။]
2) gama (ဂမ) [(kri) (ကြိ)]—
[gamu+a．rū,nhā.28va.]
[ဂမု+အ။ ရူ၊နှာ။၂၈ဝ။]
3) gama (ဂမ) [(kri) (ကြိ)]—
[gamu+a+hi]
[ဂမု+အ+ဟိ]
4) gāma (ဂါမ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[gamu+ṇa]
[ဂမု+ဏ]
5) gāma (ဂါမ) [(pu,na) (ပု၊န)]—
[gasa+ma.gā+ma.gasamadane,gasanti etthātigāmo,mo．,ṭī.225．gāyantietthātigāmo=saṃvasatho.,7.136.]
[ဂသ+မ။ဂါ+မ။ဂသမဒနေ၊ဂသန္တိ ဧတ္ထာတိဂါမော၊ မော။ ဓာန်၊ဋီ။၂၂၅။ ဂါယန္တိဧတ္ထာတိဂါမော=သံဝသထော။မောဂ်၊၇။၁၃၆။]
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarygama (गम).—m f ( A Sorrow &c.) Forbearance, overlooking, passing by or putting up with (an offence). v khā, kara, yē. 2 m unc (gamya S?) Drift, scope, bearing, leaning (as of a speech). 3 A pause, rest, short ceasing. v khā.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishgama (गम).—m f Forbearance, overlooking, pass- ing by or putting up with (an offence). v khā, kara. yē A pause, short ceasing. v khā.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryGama (गम).—a. [gam bhāvādau ap] (At the end of comp.) Going, moving, going to, reaching, attaining, getting &c.; खगम, पुरोगम, हृदयंगम (khagama, purogama, hṛdayaṃgama), &c.
-maḥ 1 Going, moving.
2) March; आदरेण गमं चक्रुर्विषमेष्वप्यसङ्घसाः (ādareṇa gamaṃ cakrurviṣameṣvapyasaṅghasāḥ) Bhaṭṭikāvya 7.56; अश्वस्यैकाहगमः (aśvasyaikāhagamaḥ).
3) The march of an assailant.
4) A road.
5) Inconsiderateness, thoughtlessness.
6) Superficiality, careless perusal.
7) (Sexual) intercourse with a woman, cohabitation; गुर्वङ्गनागमः (gurvaṅganāgamaḥ) Manusmṛti 11.55; Y.2.293.
8) A game played with dice and men.
9) Removal (as of fraction in math.)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryGama (गम).—m.
(-maḥ) 1. Going, moving. 2. March, especially the march of an assailant. 3. A road. 4. A game played with dice and men, as backgammon, &c. 5. Acting inconsiderately, looking at any thing hastily and superficially. 6. Reading lightly, hasty or careless perusal, running over a book, &c. E. gam to go, ghañ aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryGama (गम).—[gam + a], I. latter part of comp. words, f. mā, Going, e. g. kha-, 1. adj. Moving in the sky, Mahābhārata 3, 820. 2. m. A bird, [Nala] 1, 24. 3. m. A proper name, Mahābhārata 1, 995. Ii. m. 1. Way, Chanrap. 44. 2. Carnal approaching, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 11, 54.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryGama (गम).—[adjective] going to or in (—°); [masculine] going, march, approach, cohabitation.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Gama (गम):—[from gam] mf(ā)n. ([Pāṇini 3-3, 58]) ifc. going (e.g. araṃ-, kāma-, kha-, tiryag-, etc.)
2) [v.s. ...] riding on (in [compound]), [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi i, 11, 718]
3) [v.s. ...] m. going, course, [Pāṇini 5-2, 19]
4) [v.s. ...] march, decampment, [Varāha-mihira’s Yogayātrā iv, 58]
5) [v.s. ...] intercourse with a woman (in [compound]), [Manu-smṛti xi, 55; Yājñavalkya ii, 293]
6) [v.s. ...] going away from ([ablative]), [Caurapañcāśikā]
7) [v.s. ...] (in [mathematics]) removal (as of fractions), [Bījagaṇita]
8) [v.s. ...] a road, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] flightiness, superficiality, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [v.s. ...] hasty perusal, [Horace H. Wilson]
11) [v.s. ...] a game played with dice and men (as backgammon etc.), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
12) [v.s. ...] a similar reading in two texts, [Jaina literature]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryGama (गम):—(maḥ) 1. m. Going; march; a road.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Gama (गम) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Aī, Gama, Jāma.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryGama (गम) [Also spelled gam]:—(nm) grief, woe; tolerance; ~[khora] tolerant, enduring; ~[khorī] tolerance, endurance; ~[gīna] gloomy, full of sorrow; ~[jadā] grieved; sorrow-stricken, afflicted; ~[nāka] sorrowful, woeful; —[khānā] to be tolerant, to endure; —[galata karanā] to comfort/solace oneself; to drown (one’s) sorrows in an intoxicant.
...
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Gama (गम) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Gam.
2) Gama (गम) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Gama.
3) Gama (गम) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Gama.
4) Gama (गम) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Gama.
5) Gāma (गाम) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Grāma.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusGama (ಗಮ):—
1) [noun] a sweet smell; pleasant odour; fragrance; ಗಮಗಮ ಅನ್ನು [gamagama annu] gama gama a nnu to emit pleasant smell; to be fragrant.
2) [noun] to have or be filled with, a pleasant odour.
--- OR ---
Gama (ಗಮ):—
1) [noun] the act of going, moving, walking.
2) [noun] the quality of acting or doing suddenly with little thought; rashness; impulsiveness; impetuousness.
3) [noun] lack of full knowledge.
--- OR ---
Gāma (ಗಾಮ):—[noun] a more or less concentrated group of houses, larger than a village but smaller than a city; a town.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Source: unoes: Nepali-English DictionaryGama (गम):—n. 1. sadness; sorrow; anxiety; grief; 2. regret; care; concern;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Gamu, A, Gasha, Hi, Ma, Na.
Starts with (+28): Gama fadahi, Gama-fada, Gama-gamatisan, Gamabhojaka, Gamada, Gamadaraka, Gamadarika, Gamadevaru, Gamadhamma, Gamadhyai, Gamadisu, Gamadol, Gamadvara, Gamadvaya, Gamaghata, Gamaghataka, Gamagona, Gamajana, Gamaka, Gamakamma.
Full-text (+668): Agama, Gaccha, Vigama, Nigama, Gambhira, Chagala, Gamaniya, Adhigama, Samagama, Guna, Avagama, Chagalaka, Sangama, Gamaka, Apagama, Hridayangama, Upagama, Jangama, Gamika, Durgama.
Relevant text
Search found 77 books and stories containing Gama, Gāma, Gaṃa, Gamu-a, Gamu-a, Gamu-a-hi, Gamu-na, Gamu-ṇa, Gasa-ma; (plurals include: Gamas, Gāmas, Gaṃas, as, his, nas, ṇas, mas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Dhammapada (Illustrated) (by Ven. Weagoda Sarada Maha Thero)
Verse 47 - The Story of Viḍūḍabha < [Chapter 4 - Puppha Vagga (Flowers)]
Verse 287 - The Story of Kisāgotamī < [Chapter 20 - Magga Vagga (The Path)]
Gemstones of the Good Dhamma (by Ven. S. Dhammika)
Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh (early history) (by Prakash Narayan)
The king’s services < [Chapter 2 - Economic and Urban Processes]
Urbanization and expansion of Agriculture < [Chapter 2 - Economic and Urban Processes]
The Pattern of Landholding < [Chapter 2 - Economic and Urban Processes]
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Vinaya (2): The Mahavagga (by T. W. Rhys Davids)
Mahavagga, Khandaka 9, Chapter 1 < [Khandaka 9 - Validity and Invalidity of Formal Acts of the Samgha]
Mahavagga, Khandaka 6, Chapter 15 < [Khandaka 6 - On Medicaments]
Mahavagga, Khandaka 10, Chapter 4 < [Khandaka 10 - Schisms among the Samgha]
Acaranga-sutra (by Hermann Jacobi)
Lecture 7, Lesson 6 < [Book 1]