Ai, Āī, Ài, Ǎi, Ái: 75 definitions
Introduction:
Ai means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Christianity, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi, biology, Tamil. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
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In Hinduism
Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)
Ai (ऐ).—Diphthong vowel ऐ; composite form of आ (ā) and ए (e), also termed वृद्धि (vṛddhi) in Pāṇini's grammar.
Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Ai (ऐ).—This diphthong means a female sage (yoginī) according to the Agni Purāṇa (Chapter 348 of Agni Purāṇa).
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism
1) 哀 [ai]—Alas! mourn, wail.
2) 愛 [ai]—kāma; rāga. Love, affection, desire; also used for tṛṣṇā, thirst, avidity, desire, one of the twelve nidānas. It is intp. as 貪 [tan] coveting, and 染著 [ran zhe] defiling attachment; also defined as defiling love like that toward wife and children, and undefiling love like that toward one's teachers and elders.
3) 礙 [ai]—A stumbling-block; hindrance; cf. 障 [zhang].
4) 藹 [ai]—Luxuriant, graceful; translit. ai.
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
愛 [ai]—Ai—[Technical term] Sanskrit character [?]. It is one of the twelve rhymes (or categories) of Siddham (悉曇 [xi tan]). It is also one of the fifty-character gates (五十字門 [wu shi zi men]). Manjusri's Question Sutra, Chapter on Alphabets (文殊問經字母品 [wen shu wen jing zi mu pin]) states: "When referring to the character 'Ai', it is a sound of majesty and victory." This seems to be a reinterpretation derived from Airypatha, which carries the meaning of a dignified path or deportment. It means "greed for possessions." It means "defilement and attachment." It is one of the Twelve Links of Dependent Origination (十二因緣 [shi er yin yuan]). Abhidharmakośabhāṣya (俱舍論 [ju she lun]), Chapter 9, states: "Greed for requisites, and sexual desire." Mahayana Meaning Chapter (大乘義章 [da cheng yi zhang]), end of Chapter 5, states: "Greedy defilement is called Ai." Commentary on the Vijñaptimātratā-siddhi (唯識論述記 [wei shi lun shu ji]), Chapter 16, states: "Indulgent defilement is Ai." Śūraṅgama Sūtra (楞嚴經 [leng yan jing]), Chapter 4, states: "Different views lead to hatred, similar thoughts lead to Ai." Sūtra of Perfect Enlightenment (圓覺經 [yuan jue jing]) states: "Samsara takes Ai as its root."
愛—【術語】梵字 [?]。悉曇十二韻之一。五十字門之一。文殊問經字母品曰：「稱愛（引）引字時，是威勝聲。」是似由有威儀路義之 Airypatha 轉釋者。
貪物之意。染著之意。乃十二因緣之一。俱舍論九曰：「貪資具婬愛。」大乘義章五末曰：「貪染名愛。」唯識論述記十六曰：「耽染為愛。」楞嚴經四曰：「異見成憎，同想成愛。」圓覺經曰：「輪迴愛為根本。」
[shù yǔ] fàn zì [?]. xī tán shí èr yùn zhī yī. wǔ shí zì mén zhī yī. wén shū wèn jīng zì mǔ pǐn yuē: “chēng ài (yǐn) yǐn zì shí, shì wēi shèng shēng.” shì shì yóu yǒu wēi yí lù yì zhī Airypatha zhuǎn shì zhě.
tān wù zhī yì. rǎn zhe zhī yì. nǎi shí èr yīn yuán zhī yī. jù shě lùn jiǔ yuē: “tān zī jù yín ài.” dà chéng yì zhāng wǔ mò yuē: “tān rǎn míng ài.” wéi shí lùn shù jì shí liù yuē: “dān rǎn wèi ài.” léng yán jīng sì yuē: “yì jiàn chéng zēng, tóng xiǎng chéng ài.” yuán jué jīng yuē: “lún huí ài wèi gēn běn.”
[shu yu] fan zi [?]. xi tan shi er yun zhi yi. wu shi zi men zhi yi. wen shu wen jing zi mu pin yue: "cheng ai (yin) yin zi shi, shi wei sheng sheng." shi shi you you wei yi lu yi zhi Airypatha zhuan shi zhe.
tan wu zhi yi. ran zhe zhi yi. nai shi er yin yuan zhi yi. ju she lun jiu yue: "tan zi ju yin ai." da cheng yi zhang wu mo yue: "tan ran ming ai." wei shi lun shu ji shi liu yue: "dan ran wei ai." leng yan jing si yue: "yi jian cheng zeng, tong xiang cheng ai." yuan jue jing yue: "lun hui ai wei gen ben."
1) 愛 t = 爱 s = ài p refers to [verb] “Love”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao] , Subdomain: Fo Guang Shan; Notes: (Glossary of Humanistic Buddhism).
2) 愛 t = 爱 s = ài p refers to [noun] “desire; craving; trsna”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao]; Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: tṛṣṇā, Pali: taṇhā, Japanese: ai, Tibetan: sred pa; in the sense of 貪 [tan] (BCSD '愛 [ai]', p. 495; BL 'tṛṣṇā', p. 926; Ding '愛 [ai]'; DJBT '愛 [ai]', p. 423; FGDB '愛 [ai]'; SH '愛 [ai]', p. 400; Tzu Chuang 2012)..
3) 礙 t = 碍 s = ài p refers to [noun] “hindrance; pratigha”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao]; Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: pratigha, Japanese: ge (BCSD '礙 [ai]', p. 892; DJBT '礙 [ai]', p. 423; FGDB '有對 [you dui]'; MW 'pratigha'; SH '礙 [ai]', p. 471)..
4) 哀 ts = āi p refers to [adjective] “mournful; karuṇā”; Domain: Buddhism 佛教 [fu jiao]; Notes: Sanskrit equivalent: karuṇā, Japanese: ai (BCSD '哀 [ai]', p. 253; MW 'karuṇā'; SH '哀 [ai]', p. 299; Unihan '哀 [ai]')..
Chinese Buddhism (漢傳佛教, hanchuan fojiao) is the form of Buddhism that developed in China, blending Mahayana teachings with Daoist and Confucian thought. Its texts are mainly in Classical Chinese, based on translations from Sanskrit. Major schools include Chan (Zen), Pure Land, Tiantai, and Huayan. Chinese Buddhism has greatly influenced East Asian religion and culture.
India history and geography
Ai [Aai] refers to “Grandmother/ Goddess. In some caste grandma is addressed as Aai. Charni Woman is generally as goddess and she is called Aai”.—It is defined in the glossary attached to the study dealing with Gujarat Folk tales composed by Gujarati poet Jhaverchand Meghani (1896-1947)
Aai refers to “Goddess”.—It is included in the glossary section of the study on the Sonowal and Thengal Kacharis tribes of Assam (India) who possess a rich cultural heritage, folk customs, local traditions and oral histories
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Ai in India is the name of a plant defined with Chamaemelum nobile in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Anthemis nobilis L. (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Species Plantarum (1753)
· Flora Pedemontana (1785)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Ai, for example pregnancy safety, diet and recipes, health benefits, extract dosage, side effects, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
āī (आई).—f (ambā S) A mother. 2 A term of fondness for an infant. āīcēṃ dūdha kīṃ gāyīcēṃ dūdha Used where two courses of action are presented, so similar as to preclude preference or rejection. āījīcyā dōndāvara bāījī udāra Used where one person is generous upon the property of another. ā0 jēvūṃ ghālīnā bāpa bhīka māgūṃ dēīnā Expresses a dilemma or strait; pressure betwixt two difficulties or two authorities. āī tī guravīṇa hōīna naivēdya khāīna Used of an idle female of a household forward enough to devour the prepared meal; a female drone. ēkā āīcīṃ lēṅkarēṃ (Children of one mother.) A term expressing Fraternity or Brotherhood.
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ai (ऐ).—The ninth vowel; corresponding with Ei in height. It is properly a diphthong. It is, in this work, represented by Ai.
āī (आई).—f A mother. āījīcyā dōndāvara bāījī udāra. Used where one person is gener- ous upon the property of another. āī jēṃvū ghālīnā, bāpa bhīka māgū dēīnā A fix, a di- lemma; betwixt two difficulties.
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ai (ऐ).—The twelfth vowel.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Ai (ऐ).—(nipāto'bhimukhīkaraṇe) An interjection to attract attention; ऐ वाचं देहि (ai vācaṃ dehi) ...... Bhaṭṭikāvya 6.18.
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Ai (ऐ).—m. Name of Śiva. -ind. An interjection of (1) calling (= Hallo, ho); (2) remembrance; (3) inviting. cf. also ऐः क्रूरो धरणीनाथः पूरो मारोऽमरोऽसुरः । कुलालो राधरः प्राज्ञो मन्दः पुत्रोऽथवा नरः (aiḥ krūro dharaṇīnāthaḥ pūro māro'maro'suraḥ | kulālo rādharaḥ prājño mandaḥ putro'thavā naraḥ) || Enm.
Derivable forms: aiḥ (ऐः).
Ai (ऐ).—The twelfth vowel of the Nagari alphabet, or more properly a diphthong; corresponding in sound to Ei in height.
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Ai (ऐ).—ind. An interjection of, 1. Remembering, (aye, ha) 2. Calling, summoning, (hola, ho, heigh.)
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Ai (ऐ).—m. (aiḥ) A name of Siva.
Ai (ऐ).—interj.
1) Ai (ऐ):—1. ai the twelfth vowel of the alphabet and having the sound of ei in height.
2) 2. ai ind. an interjection, [Maitrāyaṇī-saṃhitā]
3) a particle of addressing
4) summoning
5) remembering, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) 3. ai m. Name of Śiva, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
1) Ai (ऐ):—The 12th vowel of the alphabet, sounded like e i in heighth.
2) Interj. ha! ho, heigh.
3) (aiḥ) 4. m. A name of Shiva.
Ai (ऐ):—1. interj. gaṇa cādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 4, 57.]
1) der Anrede und des Anrufs (āmantraṇe, āhvāne). —
2) der Erinnerung [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 7, 5. 6.] [Medinīkoṣa avyaya (s. Med.) 9.]
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Ai (ऐ):—2. (nom. ais) m. ein Beiname Śiva’s [EKĀKṢARAK. im Śabdakalpadruma]
Ai (ऐ):—1. Interj. des Anrufens , der Anrede und des Sichbesinnens.
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Ai (ऐ):—2. m. Beiname Śiva's.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Ai (ऐ) [Also spelled ee]:——the eighth vowel and the eighth letter of modern Devnagri: alphabet. (If [ṛ] (ri) and [lṛ] (lri) are also to be taken into account, it becomes the tenth); O!, a vocative; just listen !
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Prakrit-English dictionary
1) Ai (ऐ) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Ayi.
2) Ai (ऐ) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Ati.
3) Ai (ऐ) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Ati.
4) Ai (ऐ) also relates to the Sanskrit word: E.
5) Aī (अई) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Gama.
6) Āi (आइ) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Adā.
7) Āi (आइ) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Ādi.
8) Āi (आइ) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Ādin.
9) Āi (आइ) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Āji.
10) Ai (ऐ) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Ayi.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Ai (ಐ):—[noun] the eleventh letter of the Kannaḍa alphabet ( a union of two vowels 'ಅ' and 'ಏ', pronounced in one syllable).
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Ai (ಐ):—[noun] a prefix to denote the number 'five'.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Tamil dictionary
Ai (ஐ) . Ninth letter and vowel of the Tamil alphabet, diphthong of a and i; ஒன்பதாம் உயி ரெழுத்து. [onpatham uyi rezhuthu.]
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Ai (ஐ) particle
1. Suff. of nouns formed from verbs to express (a) that which does an action, as in பறவை; வினைமுதற் பொருள் விகுதி [paravai; vinaimuthar porul viguthi]: (b) that which is acted upon, as in தொடை; செயப்படு பொருள் விகுதி [thodai; seyappadu porul viguthi]: (c) the instrument, as in பார் வை; கருவிப்பொருல் விகுதி. [par vai; karuvipporul viguthi.] (நன். [nan.] 140, உரை. [urai.])
2. Suff. of verbal nouns, as in கொலை; தொழிற்பெ யர் விகுதி. [kolai; thozhirpe yar viguthi.]
3. Suff. of abstract nouns, as in தொல்லை; பண்புப்பெயர் விகுதி. [thollai; panpuppeyar viguthi.] (நன். [nan.] 140, உரை. [urai.])
4. Accusative case-ending; இரண்டாம் வேற்று மை யுருபு. [irandam verru mai yurupu.] (நன். [nan.] 296.)
5. Ending of 2nd person singular verb, as in சென்றனை; முன்னிலை யொருமை விகுதி. [senranai; munnilai yorumai viguthi.] (நன். [nan.] 140, உரை. [urai.])
6. A euphonic augment, as in பண்டைக்காலம்; ஒரு சாரியை. [pandaikkalam; oru sariyai.] (நன். [nan.] 185, உரை. [urai.])
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Ai (ஐ) noun
1. Wonder, astonishment: வியப்பு. ஐதே யம்ம யானே [viyappu. aithe yamma yane] (தொல். சொல். [thol. sol.] 385, உரை [urai]).
2. Beauty; அழகு. (பிங்கலகண்டு) [azhagu. (pingalagandu)]
3. Slenderness; மென்மை. ஐதுவீ ழிகுபெயல் [menmai. aithuvi zhigupeyal] (பத்துப்பாட்டு [pathuppattu] 13).
4. Minuteness, subtleness; நுண்மை. அணுத்தருந் தன்மையி லையோன் [nunmai. anutharun thanmaiyi laiyon] (திருவாசகம் [thiruvasagam] 3, 45).
5. Phlegm; கோழை. ஐயினான் மிடறடைப் புண்டு [kozhai. aiyinan midaradaip pundu] (தேவாரம் [thevaram] 812, 7).
6. Bronchitis; கபவியாத. ஐம்முதற் பிணியினா லழுங்கி [kapaviyatha. aimmuthar piniyina lazhungi] (மகாபாரதம் குருகுல. [magaparatham kurugula.] 22).
7. The fifth note of the gamut; இளியென்னும் ஐந்தாம் இசையின் எழுத்து. (திவா.) [iliyennum aintham isaiyin ezhuthu. (thiva.)]
8. Lord, master; தலைவன். என்னைமுன் னில்லன்மின் [thalaivan. ennaimun nillanmin] (திருக்குறள் [thirukkural], 771).
9. Husband; கணவன். எனக்கு மாகா தென்னைக்கு முதவாது [kanavan. enakku maga thennaikku muthavathu] (குறுந்தொகை [kurundogai] 27).
10. King; அரசன். (சூடாமணிநிகண்டு) [arasan. (sudamaninigandu)]
11. Guru, priest, teacher; ஆசான். (அகராதி நிகண்டு) [asan. (agarathi nigandu)]
12. Father; பிதா. தன்னை சேவடித் தாமரை [pitha. thannai sevadith thamarai] (சீகாளத்தி புராணம் நான்முக. [sigalathi puranam nanmuga.] 124).
13. A prepared arsenic; சவ்வீர பாஷாணம். (தைலவருக்கச்சுருக்கம் தைல.) [savvira pashanam. (thailavarukkachurukkam thaila.)]
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Ai (ஐ) noun ((சங்கத்தகராதி) தமிழ்சொல்லகராதி) [((sangathagarathi) thamizhsollagarathi)]
1. cf. ஐயவி. [aiyavi.] Indian mustard; கடுகு. [kadugu.]
2. Sugar; சர்க்கரை. [sarkkarai.]
Tamil is an ancient language of India from the Dravidian family spoken by roughly 250 million people mainly in southern India and Sri Lanka.
Nepali dictionary
1) Ai (ऐ):—n. the ninth vocalic sound of the Devanagari syllabary; the sound is widely depicted as /əj/, /aj/, /ɛ/, /æ/, /əi/, etc., and /əi/ and /ai/ are chosen for this dictionary;
2) Ai (ऐ):—interj. a word used to address/scold;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
Chinese-English dictionary
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
娭 [āi] [ai]—
[Verb] (動 [dong])
1. To play (嬉戲 [xi xi]), to frolic (玩樂 [wan le]).
From "Shuowen Jiezi" (《說文解字 [shuo wen jie zi]》), "Female Radicals" (女部 [nu bu]): "means 'play' (戲 [xi])."
During the Qing Dynasty (清 [qing]), Zhu Yun (朱筠 [zhu yun]), "Fu on the Later Whistling Deer" (〈後哨鹿賦 [hou shao lu fu]〉): "I dare not be idle and play, lest I neglect the military affairs (武事 [wu shi]) of my ancestors (祖考 [zu kao])."
2. To move (移動 [yi dong]), to fly (飛舞 [fei wu]).
From "Chu Ci" (《楚辭 [chu ci]》), Song Yu (宋玉 [song yu]), "Summons of the Soul" (招魂 [zhao hun]): "The beauty is drunk (醉 [zui]), her vermilion face (朱顏 [zhu yan]) flushed, her eyes (目 [mu]) moving with a faint gaze (眇視 [miao shi]), like rippling waves (曾波 [ceng bo])."
During the Tang Dynasty (唐 [tang]), Pi Rixiu (皮日休 [pi ri xiu]), "Lament for the Captured Beast" (〈悲摯獸 [bei zhi shou]〉): "The rush flowers (苕花 [shao hua]) fall in profusion, flying without being blown, as if something is moving them."
[Adjective] (形 [xing])
Joyful (喜悅 [xi yue]), happy (喜樂 [xi le]).
During the Tang Dynasty (唐 [tang]), Yuan Jie (元結 [yuan jie]), "Rules for Conduct" (〈處規 [chu gui]〉): "If only the mountains and forests (山林 [shan lin]) do not see my rights and wrongs (是非 [shi fei]), I will go there joyfully."
娭：[動]
1.嬉戲、玩樂。《說文解字．女部》：「娭，戲也。」清．朱筠〈後哨鹿賦〉：「予不敢晏而娭，以弛予祖考之武事。」
2.移動、飛舞。《楚辭．宋玉．招魂》：「美人既醉，朱顏酡些，娭光眇視，目曾波些。」唐．皮日休〈悲摯獸〉：「苕花紛然，不吹而飛，若有物娭。」
[形]
喜悅、喜樂。唐．元結〈處規〉：「但如山林不見吾是非，吾將娭而往也。」
āi:[dòng]
1. xī xì,, wán lè. < shuō wén jiě zì． nǚ bù>: “āi, xì yě.” qīng． zhū yún 〈hòu shào lù fù〉: “yǔ bù gǎn yàn ér āi, yǐ chí yǔ zǔ kǎo zhī wǔ shì.”
2. yí dòng,, fēi wǔ. < chǔ cí． sòng yù． zhāo hún>: “měi rén jì zuì, zhū yán tuó xiē, āi guāng miǎo shì, mù céng bō xiē.” táng． pí rì xiū 〈bēi zhì shòu〉: “sháo huā fēn rán, bù chuī ér fēi, ruò yǒu wù āi.”
[xíng]
xǐ yuè,, xǐ lè. táng． yuán jié 〈chù guī〉: “dàn rú shān lín bù jiàn wú shì fēi, wú jiāng āi ér wǎng yě.”
ai:[dong]
1. xi xi,, wan le. < shuo wen jie zi. nu bu>: "ai, xi ye." qing. zhu yun
2. yi dong,, fei wu. < chu ci. song yu. zhao hun>: "mei ren ji zui, zhu yan tuo xie, ai guang miao shi, mu ceng bo xie." tang. pi ri xiu
[xing]
xi yue,, xi le. tang. yuan jie
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
哎 [āi] [ai]—
[歎 [tan]]
1. Indicates a tone of astonishment. From Yuan Dynasty (元 [yuan]) Wang Shifu (王實甫 [wang shi fu])’s The Romance of the West Chamber (西廂記 [xi xiang ji]), Act 2, Scene 1: "Ai! You greedy (饞 [chan]) pauper (窮酸倈 [qiong suan lai]), you're so rude (沒意兒 [mei yi er]), showing off your family fortune (家私 [jia si]), could it be that you're plotting (圖謀 [tu mou]) to get my things (東西 [dong xi]) by coming here?"
2. Indicates a tone of sorrow or regret. From Yuan Dynasty (元 [yuan]) Guan Hanqing (關漢卿 [guan han qing])’s The Injustice to Dou E (竇娥冤 [dou e yuan]), Act 3: "Ai, all that's left is for tears (兩淚漣漣 [liang lei lian lian]) to stream down." From Ming Dynasty (明 [ming]) Wang Lin (汪錂 [wang ling])’s Chunwu Ji (春蕪記 [chun wu ji]), Scene 6: "Ai! Precious sword (寶劍 [bao jian]), precious sword (寶劍 [bao jian]), you've been with (相隨 [xiang sui]) me for over ten years; since I've suffered misfortunes (坎坷 [kan ke]), you too have fallen into disuse (沉淪 [chen lun])."
[助 [zhu]]
A padding word (襯字 [chen zi]) within a sentence, used to ease the rhythm (舒緩語氣 [shu huan yu qi]). Mostly used in opera arias (戲曲唱詞 [xi qu chang ci]). From Yuan Dynasty (元 [yuan]) Shi Junbao (石君寶 [shi jun bao])’s Qiu Hu Teases His Wife (秋胡戲妻 [qiu hu xi qi]), Act 3: "Only to see the dense shade (濃陰冉冉 [nong yin ran ran]) slowly spreading, and the emerald brocade (翠錦 [cui jin]), ai, blurring (模糊 [mo hu])." From Yuan Dynasty (元 [yuan]) Anonymous (無名氏 [wu ming shi])’s Yu Qiao Ji (漁樵記 [yu qiao ji]), Act 3: "This is knowing kindness (知恩 [zhi en]), ai, and repaying kindness (報恩 [bao en])."
哎：[歎]
1.表示驚愕的語氣。元．王實甫《西廂記．第二本．第一折》：「哎！你個饞窮酸倈沒意兒，賣弄你有家私，莫不圖謀你的東西到此？」
2.表示哀傷惋惜的語氣。元．關漢卿《竇娥冤》第三折：「哎，只落得兩淚漣漣。」明．汪錂《春蕪記》第六齣：「哎！寶劍，寶劍，你相隨我十餘年，我既坎坷，你又沉淪。」
[助]
句中襯字，以舒緩語氣。多用於戲曲唱詞中。元．石君寶《秋胡戲妻》第三折：「只見那濃陰冉冉，翠錦哎模糊。」元．無名氏《漁樵記》第三折：「這的是知恩哎報恩。」
āi:[tàn]
1. biǎo shì jīng è de yǔ qì. yuán． wáng shí fǔ < xī xiāng jì． dì èr běn． dì yī zhé>: “āi! nǐ gè chán qióng suān lái méi yì ér, mài nòng nǐ yǒu jiā sī, mò bù tú móu nǐ de dōng xī dào cǐ?”
2. biǎo shì āi shāng wǎn xī de yǔ qì. yuán． guān hàn qīng < dòu é yuān> dì sān zhé: “āi, zhǐ luò dé liǎng lèi lián lián.” míng． wāng líng < chūn wú jì> dì liù chū: “āi! bǎo jiàn, bǎo jiàn, nǐ xiāng suí wǒ shí yú nián, wǒ jì kǎn kě, nǐ yòu chén lún.”
[zhù]
jù zhōng chèn zì, yǐ shū huǎn yǔ qì. duō yòng yú xì qū chàng cí zhōng. yuán． shí jūn bǎo < qiū hú xì qī> dì sān zhé: “zhǐ jiàn nà nóng yīn rǎn rǎn, cuì jǐn āi mó hú.” yuán． wú míng shì < yú qiáo jì> dì sān zhé: “zhè de shì zhī ēn āi bào ēn.”
ai:[tan]
1. biao shi jing e de yu qi. yuan. wang shi fu < xi xiang ji. di er ben. di yi zhe>: "ai! ni ge chan qiong suan lai mei yi er, mai nong ni you jia si, mo bu tu mou ni de dong xi dao ci?"
2. biao shi ai shang wan xi de yu qi. yuan. guan han qing < dou e yuan> di san zhe: "ai, zhi luo de liang lei lian lian." ming. wang ling < chun wu ji> di liu chu: "ai! bao jian, bao jian, ni xiang sui wo shi yu nian, wo ji kan ke, ni you chen lun."
[zhu]
ju zhong chen zi, yi shu huan yu qi. duo yong yu xi qu chang ci zhong. yuan. shi jun bao < qiu hu xi qi> di san zhe: "zhi jian na nong yin ran ran, cui jin ai mo hu." yuan. wu ming shi < yu qiao ji> di san zhe: "zhe de shi zhi en ai bao en."
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
欸 [āi] [ai]—
Another pronunciation of (一 [yi]).
欸：(一)之又音。
āi:(yī) zhī yòu yīn.
ai:(yi) zhi you yin.
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
騃 [ái] [ai]—
[Adjective]
Demented, stupid-looking. For example: 痴 [chi](chī'ái), 愚 [yu](yú'ái). From 《漢書 [han shu]．卷四五 [juan si wu]．息夫躬傳 [xi fu gong chuan]》 (Hàn Shū, Volume 45, Biography of Xīfū Gōng): "外有直項之名 [wai you zhi xiang zhi ming]，內實不曉政事 [nei shi bu xiao zheng shi]。" (Outwardly bearing the name of an upright person, but inwardly truly stupid and ignorant of state affairs.)
騃：[形]
痴呆、愚笨的樣子。如：「痴騃」、「愚騃」。《漢書．卷四五．息夫躬傳》：「外有直項之名，內實騃不曉政事。」
ái:[xíng]
chī dāi,, yú bèn de yàng zi. rú: “chī ái” ,, “yú ái” . < hàn shū． juǎn sì wǔ． xī fū gōng chuán>: “wài yǒu zhí xiàng zhī míng, nèi shí ái bù xiǎo zhèng shì.”
ai:[xing]
chi dai,, yu ben de yang zi. ru: "chi ai" ,, "yu ai" . < han shu. juan si wu. xi fu gong chuan>: "wai you zhi xiang zhi ming, nei shi ai bu xiao zheng shi."
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
癌 [ái] [ai]—
Another pronunciation of (一 [yi]).
癌：(一)之又音。
ái:(yī) zhī yòu yīn.
ai:(yi) zhi you yin.
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
毐 [ǎi] [ai]—
Noun: A scholar (士人 [shi ren]) lacking virtue (德性 [de xing]). From Shuowen Jiezi (《說文解字 [shuo wen jie zi]》), `mu` radical section (毋部 [wu bu]): "(Aí), a person without good conduct (行 [xing])."
毐：[名]
沒有德性的士人。《說文解字．毋部》：「毐，士之無行者。」
ǎi:[míng]
méi yǒu dé xìng de shì rén. < shuō wén jiě zì． wú bù>: “ǎi, shì zhī wú xíng zhě.”
ai:[ming]
mei you de xing de shi ren. < shuo wen jie zi. wu bu>: "ai, shi zhi wu xing zhe."
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
藹 [ǎi] [ai]—
[形 [xing]]
1. Lush, luxuriant, flourishing. From Chu Ci《楚辭 [chu ci]》, Song Yu's 宋玉 [song yu] Nine Arguments《九辯 [jiu bian]》: "When the fragrant and lush 芳 [fang]growth is at its prime, I wither 萎約 [wei yue] and am filled with sorrow 悲愁 [bei chou]."
2. Beautiful, kind, amiable. For example: "和可親 [he ke qin]" (amiable and approachable). From Southern Dynasties Liang 南朝梁 [nan chao liang], Jiang Yan's 江淹 [jiang yan] Memorial on Xiao Chong's Resignation of Yangzhou《蕭重讓揚州表 [xiao zhong rang yang zhou biao]》: "Paintings 丹青 [dan qing] are used to convey its beauty , and chimes and flutes 磬琯 [qing guan] are used to elevate its sound 音 [yin]." From Tang Dynasty 唐 [tang], Han Yu's 韓愈 [han yu] Letter in Reply to Li Yi《答李翊書 [da li yi shu]》: "A person of benevolence and righteousness 仁義之人 [ren yi zhi ren] has words 言 [yan] that are gentle 如 [ru]."
[名 [ming]]
Cloud vapor. Interchangeable with "靄 [ai]". From Wen Xuan《文選 [wen xuan]》, Lu Ji's 陸機 [lu ji] Three Elegies《挽歌三首之三 [wan ge san shou zhi san]》: "The mournful wind 悲風 [bei feng] obscures the path 徽行軌 [hui xing gui], tilting clouds 傾雲 [qing yun] gather into flowing cloud vapor 流 [liu]."
[動 [dong]]
To cover, to shroud, to envelop. From Wen Xuan《文選 [wen xuan]》, Yan Yanzhi's 顏延之 [yan yan zhi] Poem Written in the Eastern Palace in Reply to Minister Zheng《直東宮答鄭尚書詩 [zhi dong gong da zheng shang shu shi]》: "Flowing clouds 流雲 [liu yun] shroud the green palace gate 青闕 [qing que], and the bright moon 皓月 [hao yue] illuminates 鑒 [jian] the red palace 丹宮 [dan gong]." From Song Dynasty 宋 [song], Zhu Shuzhen's 朱淑貞 [zhu shu zhen] Mourning Lin Hejing《弔林和靖 [diao lin he jing]》: "Not understanding the intention 意 [yi] of drawing spring water 酌泉 [zhuo quan] and plucking chrysanthemums 拈菊 [nian ju], a courtyard 一庭 [yi ting] of cold greenery 寒翠 [han cui] shrouds the empty shrine 空祠 [kong ci]."
藹：[形]
1.繁茂、茂盛。《楚辭．宋玉．九辯》：「離芳藹之方壯兮，余萎約而悲愁。」
2.美好、和善。如：「和藹可親」。南朝梁．江淹〈蕭重讓揚州表〉：「丹青所以傳其藹，磬琯所以揚其音也。」唐．韓愈〈答李翊書〉：「仁義之人，其言藹如也。」
[名]
雲氣。通「靄」。《文選．陸機．挽歌三首之三》：「悲風徽行軌，傾雲結流藹。」
[動]
遮掩、籠罩。《文選．顏延之．直東宮答鄭尚書詩》：「流雲藹青闕，皓月鑒丹宮。」宋．朱淑貞〈弔林和靖〉詩：「不識酌泉拈菊意，一庭寒翠藹空祠。」
ǎi:[xíng]
1. fán mào,, mào shèng. < chǔ cí． sòng yù． jiǔ biàn>: “lí fāng ǎi zhī fāng zhuàng xī, yú wēi yuē ér bēi chóu.”
2. měi hǎo,, hé shàn. rú: “hé ǎi kě qīn” . nán cháo liáng． jiāng yān 〈xiāo zhòng ràng yáng zhōu biǎo〉: “dān qīng suǒ yǐ chuán qí ǎi, qìng guǎn suǒ yǐ yáng qí yīn yě.” táng． hán yù 〈dá lǐ yì shū〉: “rén yì zhī rén, qí yán ǎi rú yě.”
[míng]
yún qì. tōng “ǎi” . < wén xuǎn． lù jī． wǎn gē sān shǒu zhī sān>: “bēi fēng huī xíng guǐ, qīng yún jié liú ǎi.”
[dòng]
zhē yǎn,, lóng zhào. < wén xuǎn． yán yán zhī． zhí dōng gōng dá zhèng shàng shū shī>: “liú yún ǎi qīng què, hào yuè jiàn dān gōng.” sòng． zhū shū zhēn 〈diào lín hé jìng〉 shī: “bù shí zhuó quán niān jú yì, yī tíng hán cuì ǎi kōng cí.”
ai:[xing]
1. fan mao,, mao sheng. < chu ci. song yu. jiu bian>: "li fang ai zhi fang zhuang xi, yu wei yue er bei chou."
2. mei hao,, he shan. ru: "he ai ke qin" . nan chao liang. jiang yan
[ming]
yun qi. tong "ai" . < wen xuan. lu ji. wan ge san shou zhi san>: "bei feng hui xing gui, qing yun jie liu ai."
[dong]
zhe yan,, long zhao. < wen xuan. yan yan zhi. zhi dong gong da zheng shang shu shi>: "liu yun ai qing que, hao yue jian dan gong." song. zhu shu zhen
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
靄 [ǎi] [ai]—
[形 [xing]]
Refer to the entry for 「」 (ǎi ǎi).
[名 [ming]]
Smoke, mist, vapor, or clouds.
Tang Dynasty (唐 [tang]) poet Wang Wei's (王維 [wang wei]) poem "Zhongnan Mountain" (終南山 [zhong nan shan]): "White clouds (白雲 [bai yun]) merge when looking back; the green mist (青 [qing]) vanishes when one enters to look."
Song Dynasty (宋 [song]) poet Liu Yong's (柳永 [liu yong]) Ci poem "Rain Bell Ring: Cold Cicadas Chirp Sadly" (雨霖鈴 [yu lin ling]．寒蟬淒切 [han chan qi qie]): "Thinking of going further and further, a thousand li (千里 [qian li]) of misty waves (煙波 [yan bo]); the evening mist (暮 [mu]) is deep and vast, and the Chu sky (楚天 [chu tian]) is wide."
靄：[形]
參見「靄靄」條。
[名]
煙霧、雲氣。唐．王維〈終南山〉詩：「白雲迴望合，青靄入看無。」宋．柳永〈雨霖鈴．寒蟬淒切〉詞：「念去去、千里煙波，暮靄沉沉楚天闊。」
ǎi:[xíng]
cān jiàn “ǎi ǎi” tiáo.
[míng]
yān wù,, yún qì. táng． wáng wéi 〈zhōng nán shān〉 shī: “bái yún huí wàng hé, qīng ǎi rù kàn wú.” sòng． liǔ yǒng 〈yǔ lín líng． hán chán qī qiè〉 cí: “niàn qù qù,, qiān lǐ yān bō, mù ǎi chén chén chǔ tiān kuò.”
ai:[xing]
can jian "ai ai" tiao.
[ming]
yan wu,, yun qi. tang. wang wei
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
艾 [ài] [ai]—
[名 [ming]]
1. See the entry for "草 [cao]" (Chinese mugwort).
2. A metaphor for elderly people, older people. From Shiji (史記 [shi ji]), Volume 4, Basic Annals of Zhou (周本紀 [zhou ben ji]): "Blind historians teach, and the '耆 [qi]' (elderly) cultivate it." From Liu Xie's (劉勰 [liu xie]) The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons (文心雕龍 [wen xin diao long]), Nourishing Qi (養氣 [yang qi]): "Generally, young children have shallow discernment but strong ambition; '長 [zhang]' (the elderly) have firm knowledge but declining energy."
3. Beautiful, pretty people. From Mencius (孟子 [meng zi]), Wan Zhang I (萬章上 [wan zhang shang]): "If one knows how to love beauty, then one admires '少 [shao]' (young beauties)." From Kong Shangren's (孔尚任 [kong shang ren]) The Peach Blossom Fan (桃花扇 [tao hua shan]), Act 36: "Having accumulated some gold and silk, he married some '嬌 [jiao]' (charming beauties)."
4. A surname. For example, '元征 [yuan zheng]' (Ai Yuanzheng) of the Qing dynasty.
[動 [dong]]
1. To exhaust, to cut off, to stop. For example: "方興未 [fang xing wei]" (still flourishing, not yet ceased). From Classic of Poetry (詩經 [shi jing]), Minor Odes of the Kingdom (小雅 [xiao ya]), Ting Liao (庭燎 [ting liao]): "How is the night? Its night has not yet '' (ceased)." From Zuo Zhuan (左傳 [zuo chuan]), Duke Ai, Year 2 (哀公二年 [ai gong er nian]): "Although Zheng (鄭 [zheng]) was conquered, there are still people of knowledge, and the worries have not yet '' (ceased)."
2. To cultivate, to nurture. From Classic of Poetry (詩經 [shi jing]), Minor Odes of the Kingdom (小雅 [xiao ya]), Nan Shan You Tai (南山有臺 [nan shan you tai]): "Happy is the gentleman, who protects and '' (nurtures) his descendants."
艾：[名]
1.參見「艾草」條。
2.比喻老人、年長的人。《史記．卷四．周本紀》：「瞽史教誨，耆艾脩之。」南朝梁．劉勰《文心雕龍．養氣》：「凡童少鑒淺而志盛，長艾識堅而氣衰。」
3.美好、漂亮的人。《孟子．萬章上》：「知好色，則慕少艾。」清．孔尚任《桃花扇》第三六齣：「積得些金帛，娶了些嬌艾。」
4.姓。如清代有艾元征。
[動]
1.盡、斷絕、停止。如：「方興未艾」。《詩經．小雅．庭燎》：「夜如何？其夜未艾。」《左傳．哀公二年》：「雖克鄭，猶有知在，憂未艾也。」
2.培養、養育。《詩經．小雅．南山有臺》：「樂只君子，保艾爾後。」
ài:[míng]
1. cān jiàn “ài cǎo” tiáo.
2. bǐ yù lǎo rén,, nián zhǎng de rén. < shǐ jì． juǎn sì． zhōu běn jì>: “gǔ shǐ jiào huì, qí ài xiū zhī.” nán cháo liáng． liú xié < wén xīn diāo lóng． yǎng qì>: “fán tóng shǎo jiàn qiǎn ér zhì shèng, zhǎng ài shí jiān ér qì shuāi.”
3. měi hǎo,, piào liàng de rén. < mèng zi． wàn zhāng shàng>: “zhī hǎo sè, zé mù shǎo ài.” qīng． kǒng shàng rèn < táo huā shàn> dì sān liù chū: “jī dé xiē jīn bó, qǔ le xiē jiāo ài.”
4. xìng. rú qīng dài yǒu ài yuán zhēng.
[dòng]
1. jǐn,, duàn jué,, tíng zhǐ. rú: “fāng xìng wèi ài” . < shī jīng． xiǎo yǎ． tíng liáo>: “yè rú hé? qí yè wèi ài.” < zuǒ chuán． āi gōng èr nián>: “suī kè zhèng, yóu yǒu zhī zài, yōu wèi ài yě.”
2. péi yǎng,, yǎng yù. < shī jīng． xiǎo yǎ． nán shān yǒu tái>: “lè zhǐ jūn zi, bǎo ài ěr hòu.”
ai:[ming]
1. can jian "ai cao" tiao.
2. bi yu lao ren,, nian zhang de ren. < shi ji. juan si. zhou ben ji>: "gu shi jiao hui, qi ai xiu zhi." nan chao liang. liu xie < wen xin diao long. yang qi>: "fan tong shao jian qian er zhi sheng, zhang ai shi jian er qi shuai."
3. mei hao,, piao liang de ren. < meng zi. wan zhang shang>: "zhi hao se, ze mu shao ai." qing. kong shang ren < tao hua shan> di san liu chu: "ji de xie jin bo, qu le xie jiao ai."
4. xing. ru qing dai you ai yuan zheng.
[dong]
1. jin,, duan jue,, ting zhi. ru: "fang xing wei ai" . < shi jing. xiao ya. ting liao>: "ye ru he? qi ye wei ai." < zuo chuan. ai gong er nian>: "sui ke zheng, you you zhi zai, you wei ai ye."
2. pei yang,, yang yu. < shi jing. xiao ya. nan shan you tai>: "le zhi jun zi, bao ai er hou."
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
隘 [ài] [ai]—
[形 [xing]] (Adjective)
1. 狹小 [xia xiao] (narrow), 狹窄 [xia zhai] (confined). 《詩經 [shi jing]．大雅 [da ya]．生民 [sheng min]》 (The Book of Odes, Major Odes, Shengmin): "誕寘之巷 [dan zhi zhi xiang] (Then he was placed in a narrow lane), 牛羊腓字之 [niu yang fei zi zhi] (where cattle and sheep suckled him)." 宋 [song]．司馬光 [si ma guang]〈訓儉示康 [xun jian shi kang]〉 (Song Dynasty, Sima Guang, "Admonition on Frugality for Kang"): "廳事前僅容旋馬 [ting shi qian jin rong xuan ma] (The space in front of the hall was barely enough for a horse to turn around), 或言其太 [huo yan qi tai](some said it was too narrow)."
2. 器量狹小 [qi liang xia xiao] (narrow-minded, small-minded). 《南史 [nan shi]．卷三五 [juan san wu]．劉湛傳 [liu zhan chuan]》 (History of the Southern Dynasties, Volume 35, Biography of Liu Zhan): "義恭性甚狷 [yi gong xing shen juan](Yi Gong's nature was very irritable and narrow-minded), 年又漸大 [nian you jian da] (as he grew older), 欲專政事 [yu zhuan zheng shi] (he wanted to monopolize political affairs), 每為湛所裁 [mei wei zhan suo cai] (but was always restrained by Zhan)."
[名 [ming]] (Noun)
險阻的地方 [xian zu de de fang] (dangerous and difficult place, strategic pass). 《左傳 [zuo chuan]．僖公二十二年 [xi gong er shi er nian]》 (Zuo Zhuan, Duke Xi, 22nd Year): "勍敵之人 [qing di zhi ren] (The strong enemy's men), 而不列 [er bu lie] (are in a narrow place and not arrayed), 天贊我也 [tian zan wo ye] (Heaven helps us)." 《文選 [wen xuan]．左思 [zuo si]．蜀都賦 [shu dou fu]》 (Selections of Literature, Zuo Si, "Rhapsody on the Shu Capital"): "一人守 [yi ren shou](One man guards the pass), 萬夫莫向 [wan fu mo xiang] (ten thousand men cannot advance)."
[副 [fu]] (Adverb)
極 [ji] (extremely), 很 [hen] (very). 《荀子 [xun zi]．禮論 [li lun]》 (Xunzi, "On Ritual"): "其立哭泣哀戚也 [qi li ku qi ai qi ye] (When standing and weeping in sorrow), 不至於懾傷生 [bu zhi yu she shang sheng] (it should not reach the point of being extremely fearful and harming life)."
隘：[形]
1.狹小、狹窄。《詩經．大雅．生民》：「誕寘之隘巷，牛羊腓字之。」宋．司馬光〈訓儉示康〉：「廳事前僅容旋馬，或言其太隘。」
2.器量狹小。《南史．卷三五．劉湛傳》：「義恭性甚狷隘，年又漸大，欲專政事，每為湛所裁。」
[名]
險阻的地方。《左傳．僖公二十二年》：「勍敵之人，隘而不列，天贊我也。」《文選．左思．蜀都賦》：「一人守隘，萬夫莫向。」
[副]
極、很。《荀子．禮論》：「其立哭泣哀戚也，不至於隘懾傷生。」
ài:[xíng]
1. xiá xiǎo,, xiá zhǎi. < shī jīng． dà yǎ． shēng mín>: “dàn zhì zhī ài xiàng, niú yáng féi zì zhī.” sòng． sī mǎ guāng 〈xùn jiǎn shì kāng〉: “tīng shì qián jǐn róng xuán mǎ, huò yán qí tài ài.”
2. qì liàng xiá xiǎo. < nán shǐ． juǎn sān wǔ． liú zhàn chuán>: “yì gōng xìng shén juàn ài, nián yòu jiàn dà, yù zhuān zhèng shì, měi wèi zhàn suǒ cái.”
[míng]
xiǎn zǔ de de fāng. < zuǒ chuán． xī gōng èr shí èr nián>: “qíng dí zhī rén, ài ér bù liè, tiān zàn wǒ yě.” < wén xuǎn． zuǒ sī． shǔ dōu fù>: “yī rén shǒu ài, wàn fū mò xiàng.”
[fù]
jí,, hěn. < xún zi． lǐ lùn>: “qí lì kū qì āi qī yě, bù zhì yú ài shè shāng shēng.”
ai:[xing]
1. xia xiao,, xia zhai. < shi jing. da ya. sheng min>: "dan zhi zhi ai xiang, niu yang fei zi zhi." song. si ma guang
2. qi liang xia xiao. < nan shi. juan san wu. liu zhan chuan>: "yi gong xing shen juan ai, nian you jian da, yu zhuan zheng shi, mei wei zhan suo cai."
[ming]
xian zu de de fang. < zuo chuan. xi gong er shi er nian>: "qing di zhi ren, ai er bu lie, tian zan wo ye." < wen xuan. zuo si. shu dou fu>: "yi ren shou ai, wan fu mo xiang."
[fu]
ji,, hen. < xun zi. li lun>: "qi li ku qi ai qi ye, bu zhi yu ai she shang sheng."
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
璦 [ài] [ai]—
[Noun]
1. Beautiful jade. The 'Yùpiān'《玉篇 [yu pian]》, 'Yù Bù'《玉部 [yu bu]》section states: "'Ài', beautiful jade'美玉 [mei yu]."
2. See also the entry for 'Àihuī County'琿縣 [hun xian].
璦：[名]
1.美玉。《玉篇．玉部》：「璦，美玉。」
2.參見「璦琿縣」條。
ài:[míng]
1. měi yù. < yù piān． yù bù>: “ài, měi yù.”
2. cān jiàn “ài hún xiàn” tiáo.
ai:[ming]
1. mei yu. < yu pian. yu bu>: "ai, mei yu."
2. can jian "ai hun xian" tiao.
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
曖 [ài] [ai]—
[Adjective]
Dim, unclear. For example: "secluded and dim" (幽 [you]), "ambiguous relationship" (關係昧 [guan xi mei]). From Liu Xie's (劉勰 [liu xie]) The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons (文心雕龍 [wen xin diao long]), Chapter "On the Classics" (宗經 [zong jing]), of the Southern Dynasties Liang (南朝梁 [nan chao liang]): "The Three Tombs (三墳 [san fen]) of the Imperial Era (皇世 [huang shi]) and the Five Canons (五典 [wu dian]) of the Emperor's Age (帝代 [di dai]), further supplemented by the Eight Suo (八索 [ba suo]) and expanded by the Nine Qiu (九丘 [jiu qiu]), over the long course of years (歲歷 [sui li]) have become obscure (綿 [mian]) and their contents mixed and confused (條流紛糅 [tiao liu fen rou])."
曖：[形]
昏暗、不明。如：「幽曖」、「關係曖昧」。南朝梁．劉勰《文心雕龍．宗經》：「皇世三墳，帝代五典，重以八索，申以九丘，歲歷綿曖，條流紛糅。」
ài:[xíng]
hūn àn,, bù míng. rú: “yōu ài” ,, “guān xì ài mèi” . nán cháo liáng． liú xié < wén xīn diāo lóng． zōng jīng>: “huáng shì sān fén, dì dài wǔ diǎn, zhòng yǐ bā suǒ, shēn yǐ jiǔ qiū, suì lì mián ài, tiáo liú fēn róu.”
ai:[xing]
hun an,, bu ming. ru: "you ai" ,, "guan xi ai mei" . nan chao liang. liu xie < wen xin diao long. zong jing>: "huang shi san fen, di dai wu dian, zhong yi ba suo, shen yi jiu qiu, sui li mian ai, tiao liu fen rou."
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
礙 [ài] [ai]—
[Verb]
1. To stop; to obstruct. From Shuowen Jiezi (《說文解字 [shuo wen jie zi]》), Stone Radical (石部 [shi bu]): "(ài) means to stop (止也 [zhi ye])." From Song Dynasty (宋 [song]) poet Fan Chengda's (范成大 [fan cheng da]) "Sixty Poems on Rural Life in Four Seasons" (〈四時田園雜興 [si shi tian yuan za xing]〉詩六 [shi liu]○首 [shou]), poem 40: "Quietly watching the eave spider weave its low web, groundlessly obstructing (妨 [fang]) small insects from flying."
2. To limit; to restrict. From Han Dynasty (漢 [han]) Yang Xiong's (揚雄 [yang xiong]) Fayan (《法言 [fa yan]》), "Inquiring about the Way" (問道 [wen dao]) chapter: "When the sage governs the world (聖人之治天下也 [sheng ren zhi zhi tian xia ye]), he restricts (諸 [zhu]) them with rites and music (以禮樂 [yi li le])."
3. To impede; to harm. For example: "to be an eyesore" (有觀瞻 [you guan zhan]). From Flowers in the Mirror (《鏡花緣 [jing hua yuan]》), Chapter 39 (第三九回 [di san jiu hui]): "There are many with the same name (命名相同的甚多 [ming ming xiang tong de shen duo]), what harm is there (亦有何 [yi you he])?"
4. To cover; to screen; to conceal. From Tang Dynasty (唐 [tang]) Fang Gan's (方干 [fang gan]) poem "On the Upper Part of Bao'en Temple" (〈題報恩寺上方 [ti bao en si shang fang]〉): "The rock springs gush into the air, seeming like rain on a clear day (巖溜噴空晴似雨 [yan liu pen kong qing shi yu]), the forest vines block the sun, making summer often cold (林蘿日夏多寒 [lin luo ri xia duo han])."
5. To be concerned; to be attached. From The Heroic Daughters and Sons (《兒女英雄傳 [er nu ying xiong chuan]》), Chapter 22 (第二二回 [di er er hui]): "At that time, I entered the Buddhist monastic life (那時我身入空門 [na shi wo shen ru kong men]), my body (or self) was without attachment (一身無 [yi shen wu]), and all karmic ties were tranquil (萬緣俱寂 [wan yuan ju ji])."
礙：[動]
1.阻止。《說文解字．石部》：「礙，止也。」宋．范成大〈四時田園雜興〉詩六○首之四○：「靜看簷蛛結網低，無端妨礙小蟲飛。」
2.限制。漢．揚雄《法言．問道》：「聖人之治天下也，礙諸以禮樂。」
3.妨害。如：「有礙觀瞻」。《鏡花緣》第三九回：「命名相同的甚多，亦有何礙。」
4.掩蔽。唐．方干〈題報恩寺上方〉詩：「巖溜噴空晴似雨，林蘿礙日夏多寒。」
5.牽掛。《兒女英雄傳》第二二回：「那時我身入空門，一身無礙，萬緣俱寂。」
ài:[dòng]
1. zǔ zhǐ. < shuō wén jiě zì． shí bù>: “ài, zhǐ yě.” sòng． fàn chéng dà 〈sì shí tián yuán zá xìng〉 shī liù○shǒu zhī sì○: “jìng kàn yán zhū jié wǎng dī, wú duān fáng ài xiǎo chóng fēi.”
2. xiàn zhì. hàn． yáng xióng < fǎ yán． wèn dào>: “shèng rén zhī zhì tiān xià yě, ài zhū yǐ lǐ lè.”
3. fáng hài. rú: “yǒu ài guān zhān” . < jìng huā yuán> dì sān jiǔ huí: “mìng míng xiāng tóng de shén duō, yì yǒu hé ài.”
4. yǎn bì. táng． fāng gàn 〈tí bào ēn sì shàng fāng〉 shī: “yán liū pēn kōng qíng shì yǔ, lín luó ài rì xià duō hán.”
5. qiān guà. < ér nǚ yīng xióng chuán> dì èr èr huí: “nà shí wǒ shēn rù kōng mén, yī shēn wú ài, wàn yuán jù jì.”
ai:[dong]
1. zu zhi. < shuo wen jie zi. shi bu>: "ai, zhi ye." song. fan cheng da
2. xian zhi. han. yang xiong < fa yan. wen dao>: "sheng ren zhi zhi tian xia ye, ai zhu yi li le."
3. fang hai. ru: "you ai guan zhan" . < jing hua yuan> di san jiu hui: "ming ming xiang tong de shen duo, yi you he ai."
4. yan bi. tang. fang gan
5. qian gua. < er nu ying xiong chuan> di er er hui: "na shi wo shen ru kong men, yi shen wu ai, wan yuan ju ji."
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
欸 [āi] [ai]—
[歎 [tan]]
Indicates a tone of `承諾 [cheng nuo]` (commitment/promise). For example: "(èi)! I can do it as requested."
欸：[歎]
表承諾的語氣。如：「欸！我可以照辦。」
āi:[tàn]
biǎo chéng nuò de yǔ qì. rú: “āi! wǒ kě yǐ zhào bàn.”
ai:[tan]
biao cheng nuo de yu qi. ru: "ai! wo ke yi zhao ban."
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
艾 [ài] [ai]—
Equivalent to '乂 [yi]'.
艾：通「乂」。
ài: tōng “yì” .
ai: tong "yi" .
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
嗌 [ài] [ai]—
Noun.
Throat, pharynx (咽喉 [yan hou], 喉嚨 [hou long]).
From "Guliang Commentary" (穀梁傳 [gu liang chuan]), "Duke Zhao 19th Year" (昭公十九年 [zhao gong shi jiu nian]): "Weeping and sipping thick gruel (飦粥 [zhan zhou]), the throat cannot even hold a grain (粒 [li])."
嗌：[名]
咽喉、喉嚨。《穀梁傳．昭公十九年》：「哭泣歠飦粥，嗌不容粒。」
ài:[míng]
yàn hóu,, hóu lóng. < gǔ liáng chuán． zhāo gōng shí jiǔ nián>: “kū qì chuò zhān zhōu, ài bù róng lì.”
ai:[ming]
yan hou,, hou long. < gu liang chuan. zhao gong shi jiu nian>: "ku qi chuo zhan zhou, ai bu rong li."
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
啀 [ái] [ai]—
See also the entry for "喍 [chai]".
啀：參見「啀喍」條。
ái: cān jiàn “ái chái” tiáo.
ai: can jian "ai chai" tiao.
[The following represents an unverified English translation. For all purposes consult the original Chinese text.]
癌 [ái] [ai]—
A malignant tumor (惡性腫瘤 [e xing zhong liu]) formed within an animal's body due to abnormal cell proliferation. It has highly infiltrative damage to surrounding tissues, causing the lesion to metastasize (轉移 [zhuan yi]) and leading to cachexia (惡病質 [e bing zhi]), which results in death. For example: liver cancer (肝 [gan]), lung cancer (肺 [fei]), skin cancer (皮膚 [pi fu]).
癌：[名]
動物體內因細胞不正常增生所形成的惡性腫瘤。其對周圍組織具有高度浸潤傷害性，使病灶發生轉移，並引起惡病質，而導致死亡。如：「肝癌」、「肺癌」、「皮膚癌」。
ái:[míng]
dòng wù tǐ nèi yīn xì bāo bù zhèng cháng zēng shēng suǒ xíng chéng de è xìng zhǒng liú. qí duì zhōu wéi zǔ zhī jù yǒu gāo dù jìn rùn shāng hài xìng, shǐ bìng zào fā shēng zhuǎn yí, bìng yǐn qǐ è bìng zhì, ér dǎo zhì sǐ wáng. rú: “gān ái” ,, “fèi ái” ,, “pí fū ái” .
ai:[ming]
dong wu ti nei yin xi bao bu zheng chang zeng sheng suo xing cheng de e xing zhong liu. qi dui zhou wei zu zhi ju you gao du jin run shang hai xing, shi bing zao fa sheng zhuan yi, bing yin qi e bing zhi, er dao zhi si wang. ru: "gan ai" ,, "fei ai" ,, "pi fu ai" .
1) 㤅 ts = ài p refers to “old variant of 愛 | 爱 [ai4]”.
2) 僾 ts = ài p refers to “indistinct/hazy/misty/to seem/to appear”..
3) 哀 ts = āi p refers to “Ai (c. 2000 BC), sixth of legendary Flame Emperors 炎帝 [Yan2 di4] descended from Shennong 神農 | 神农 [Shen2 nong2] Farmer God, also known as Li 釐 | 厘 [Li2]”..
4) 哀 ts = āi p refers to “(bound form) sorrow; grief; pity/(bound form) to grieve for; to pity; to lament; to condole”..
5) 哎 ts = āi p refers to “hey!/(interjection used to attract attention or to express surprise or disapprobation)”..
6) 唉 ts = āi p refers to “interjection or grunt of agreement or recognition (e.g. yes, it's me!)/to sigh”..
7) 唉 ts = āi p refers to “alas/oh dear”..
8) 嗌 ts = ài p refers to “(literary) to choke; to have a blockage in the throat/Taiwan pr. [yi4]”..
9) 嗌 ts = ài p refers to “(literary) the throat/(literary) (military) choke point”..
10) 嘊 t = 啀 s = ái p refers to “to growl (of dog)/to bare fangs”..
11) 噯 t = 嗳 s = āi p refers to “to belch/(interj. of disapproval)”..
12) 噯 t = 嗳 s = āi p refers to “(interj. of regret)”..
13) 埃 ts = āi p refers to “abbr. for Egypt 埃及 [Ai1 ji2] or Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亞 | 埃塞俄比亚 [Ai1 sai4 e2 bi3 ya4]”..
14) 埃 ts = āi p refers to “dust/dirt/angstrom/phonetic ai or e”..
15) 壒 ts = ài p refers to “dust/mud”..
16) 娭 ts = āi p refers to “see 娭姐 [ai1 jie3], father's mother/granny (dialect)/respectful form of address for older lady”..
17) 嬡 t = 嫒 s = ài p refers to “used in 令嬡 | 令嫒 [ling4 ai4]”..
18) 愛 t = 爱 s = ài p refers to “to love; to be fond of; to like/affection/to be inclined (to do sth); to tend to (happen)”..
19) 挨 ts = āi p refers to “in order; in sequence/close to; adjacent to”..
20) 挨 ts = āi p refers to “to suffer; to endure/to pull through (hard times)/to delay; to stall; to play for time; to dawdle”..
21) 捱 ts = ái p refers to “variant of 挨 [ai2]”..
22) 敱 t = 敳 s = ái p refers to “able (in administrating)/to govern forcefully”..
23) 曖 t = 暧 s = ài p refers to “(of daylight) dim/obscure/clandestine/dubious”..
24) 欸 ts = āi p refers to “(indicating response)/(sadly sighing)/also pr. [ei4]”..
25) 欸 ts = āi p refers to “(Tw) (literary) to rebuke loudly/(Tw) (literary) to sigh/used in 欸乃 [ai3 nai3]”..
26) 欸 ts = āi p refers to “hey (used to draw attention)”..
27) 欸 ts = āi p refers to “eh; huh (used to express surprise)”..
28) 欸 ts = āi p refers to “hmm (used to express disapproval)”..
29) 欸 ts = āi p refers to “yes (used to express agreement)”..
30) 毐 ts = ǎi p refers to “see historical character Lao Ai 嫪毐/by extension, person of reprehensible morals/immoral/adulterer”..
31) 溾 ts = āi p refers to “light rain”..
32) 璦 t = 瑷 s = ài p refers to “fine quality jade”..
33) 癌 ts = ái p refers to “cancer; (esp.) carcinoma”..
34) 皚 t = 皑 s = ái p refers to “(literary) white as snow”..
35) 瞹 ts = ài p refers to “variant of 曖 | 暧 [ai4]”..
36) 矮 ts = ǎi p refers to “(of a person) short/(of a wall etc) low/(of rank) inferior (to); lower (than)”..
37) 砹 ts = ài p refers to “astatine (chemistry)”..
38) 礙 t = 碍 s = ài p refers to “to hinder/to obstruct/to block”..
39) 艾 ts = ài p refers to “surname Ai”..
40) 艾 ts = ài p refers to “Chinese mugwort or wormwood/moxa/to stop or cut short/phonetic "ai" or "i"/abbr. for 艾滋病 [ai4 zi1 bing4], AIDS”..
41) 艾 ts = ài p refers to “variant of 刈 [yi4]/variant of 乂 [yi4]”..
42) 薆 ts = ài p refers to “to cover/to hide/to conceal”..
43) 藹 t = 蔼 s = ǎi p refers to “friendly”..
44) 銰 ts = āi p refers to “character used in Korea in former times to represent the syllable "ngai"”..
45) 鎄 t = 锿 s = āi p refers to “einsteinium (chemistry)”..
46) 鑀 ts = ài p refers to “einsteinium (chemistry) (Tw)/ionium (former name of thorium)”..
47) 閡 t = 阂 s = ài p refers to “obstruct”..
48) 隘 ts = ài p refers to “(bound form) narrow/(bound form) a defile; a narrow pass”..
49) 靄 t = 霭 s = ǎi p refers to “mist/haze/cloudy sky”..
50) 靉 t = 叆 s = ài p refers to “misty/cloudy sky/dark/obscure”..
51) 餲 ts = ài p refers to “(literary) (of food) spoiled; sour; gone off”..
52) 餲 ts = ài p refers to “deep-fried noodle cake, also known as 饊子 | 馓子 [san3 zi5]”..
53) 騃 ts = ái p refers to “stupid/idiotic”..
1) 愛 [ài] refers to: (1) “affection”; (2) “desire”.
愛 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 恩愛; 親昵; 婬; 愛慕; 欲; 欲望; 欲樂喜; 欲貪; 貪; 貪愛; 貪欲; 迦摩; 阿羅伽; 願; 可愛; 快樂; 不決; 惑; 求; 狐疑; 猶預; 疑; 疑悔; 疑惑; 疑網; 迷倒; 顚倒; 喜; 好樂; 忍可; 愛樂.
[Sanskrit] abhilāṣa-kṛt; anunaya-sahagata; bhūyas-kāmatā; gārdha; kāṅkṣā; rocayati; tṛṣṇa; tṛṣṇotpāda; utsūḍhi.
[Pali] chanda; kāma; pema; piya; rati; taṇhā.
[Tibetan] 'dod pa; rjes su chags pa; sdug pa; shen pa; sred pa; sred pa; zhen pa.
[Vietnamese] ái.
[Korean] 애 / ae.
[Japanese] アイ / ai.
2) 埃 [āi] refers to: “dust (mote)”.
埃 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 埃塵; 塵埃.
[Vietnamese] ai.
[Korean] 애 / ae.
[Japanese] アイ / ai.
3) 礙 [ài] refers to: (1) “hinder”; (2) “hindrance”; (3) “impede”; (4) “obstruct”; (5) “obstruction”.
礙 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 妨; 妨廢; 留礙; 閡; 鄣; 限礙; 障; 三嚩; 三婆; 三跋羅; 罣; 閼; 吒婆; 所防; 滯礙; 碍; 能礙; 覆障; 障礙; 障隔; 瞋; 能遮.
[Sanskrit] vibandhakatva; vigha; vighna-bhūta; vyaghāta.
[Pali] paṭigha.
[Tibetan] bgegs byed pa.
[Vietnamese] ngại.
[Korean] 애 / ae.
[Japanese] ゲ / ge.
4) 閡 [ài] refers to: “hinder”.
閡 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 妨; 妨廢; 留礙; 礙.
[Vietnamese] ngại.
[Korean] 애 / ae.
[Japanese] ゲ / ge.
5) 藹 [ǎi] refers to: “luxuriant”.
藹 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Vietnamese] ái.
[Korean] 애 / ae.
[Japanese] アイ / ai.
6) 哀 [āi] refers to: (1) “mourn”; (2) “sympathize with”.
哀 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 哀愍; 大悲; 大悲心; 大慈大悲; 大慈悲; 悲; 悲愍; 慈; 慈心; 慈悲; 慈悲心; 慈愍; 憐愍; 迦樓那; 迦盧拏.
[Sanskrit] karuṇā.
[Vietnamese] ai.
[Korean] 애 / ae.
[Japanese] アイ / ai.
7) 碍 [ài] refers to: “obstruction”.
碍 is further associated with the following language/terms:
[Related Chinese terms] 吒婆; 所防; 滯礙; 礙; 能礙; 覆障; 障礙; 障隔.
[Vietnamese] ngại.
[Korean] 애 / ae.
[Japanese] ゲ / ge.
Chinese language.
Vietnamese-English dictionary
Ai (in Vietnamese) can be associated with the following Chinese and English terms:
1) Ai with 哀 [āi]: “mourn”; “sympathize with”.
2) Ai with 埃 [āi]: “dust (mote)”.
3) Ái with 愛 [ài]: “affection”; “desire”.
4) Ái with 藹 [ǎi]: “luxuriant”.
5) Ải with 縊 [yì]: “to strangle”..
Vietnamese language.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+24): Ai cha biao zi, Ai di yu, Ai hao, Ai hui mao dou, Ai jiao suan pan zi, Ai kang, Ai kelane, Ai kor, Ai kori, Ai lao guan cao, Ai lau salak, Ai lek mai phai, Ai ma huang, Ai masi, Ai na hsiang, Ai na xiang, Ai nitu, Ai oi, Ai pue, Ai qian jin ba.
Full-text (+69887): Wu ai, Dai, Ai zi, He, Zhi ai, Ai ai, Aiyan, Aiya, Ai jie, Kuai, Gua ai, Wei ai, Ai dao, Ai ran, Aile, Ai ji, Fan gai, Ai yu, Ai juan, Ai jian.
Relevant text
Search found 769 books and stories containing Ai, Aai, Āī, Aī, Āi, Ài, Ǎi, Ái, Ải, Hé, He, 僾, 叆, 哀, 哎, 唉, 啀, 嗌, 嗳, 嘊, 噯, 埃, 壒, 娭, 嫒, 嬡, 愛, 挨, 捱, 敱, 敳, 暧, 曖, 欸, 毐, 溰, 溾, 爱, 瑷, 璦, 癌, 皑, 皚, 瞹, 矮, 砹, 碍, 礙, 艾, 蔼, 薆, 藹, 銰, 鎄, 鑀, 锿, 閡, 隘, 霭, 靄, 靉, 餲, 騃, 㤅; (plurals include: Aais). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Taisho: Chinese Buddhist Canon
Sutta 23: [0086b22] The story of What is Pleasing and Released < [Part 154 - Jataka stories (translated by Dharmaraksha)]
Sutta 15: [0080c10] The Sutra on the Death of a Son < [Part 154 - Jataka stories (translated by Dharmaraksha)]
Sutta 1: [0070a16] The story of Nalai < [Part 154 - Jataka stories (translated by Dharmaraksha)]
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (MDPI)
Exploring School Staff Perceptions Relating to Animals and Their Involvement... < [Volume 19, Issue 12 (2022)]
A Proposal for a Comprehensive Human–Animal Approach of Evaluation for... < [Volume 16, Issue 22 (2019)]
Co-Producing Paws on Campus < [Volume 21, Issue 8 (2024)]
Ranking of Sustainability Journals Using the Author Affiliation Index and... < [Volume 12, Issue 3 (2020)]
A Bibliometric Analysis of Geological Hazards Monitoring Technologies < [Volume 17, Issue 3 (2025)]
Estimating Driver Behavior Measures Related to Traffic Safety by... < [Volume 14, Issue 3 (2022)]
Preksha meditation: History and Methods (by Samani Pratibha Pragya)
Appendix 1 - Mūlapāṭha of Jayācārya’s Texts, etc.
3.1.2. Colour-Visualisation of the Tīrthaṅkara < [Chapter 3 - The History of Meditation in Terāpanth]
4.2. Brief Biography of Mahāprajña < [Chapter 3 - The History of Meditation in Terāpanth]
Archives of Social Sciences of Religions
Identity and Praise: The Bards of North-West India < [Volume 130 (2005)]
When God Whispers < [Volume 111 (2000)]
Bible and Religious Sciences: Judaism, Christianity, Islam < [Volume 134 (2006)]
The Cao Đài Deathscape < [Volume 11, Issue 6 (2020)]
How to Protect One’s Home in Medieval China? A Study of the... < [Volume 14, Issue 3 (2023)]
Matter in Motion: A Dogon Kanaga Mask < [Volume 9, Issue 9 (2018)]
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