Dhammapada (Illustrated)

by Ven. Weagoda Sarada Maha Thero | 1993 | 341,201 words | ISBN-10: 9810049382 | ISBN-13: 9789810049386

This page describes The Story of Tambadathika which is verse 100 of the English translation of the Dhammapada which forms a part of the Sutta Pitaka of the Buddhist canon of literature. Presenting the fundamental basics of the Buddhist way of life, the Dhammapada is a collection of 423 stanzas. This verse 100 is part of the Sahassa Vagga (Thousands) and the moral of the story is “One meaningful word which leads to calm is better than a thousand empty ones”.

Verse 100 - The Story of Tambadāṭhika

Pali text, illustration and English translation of Dhammapada verse 100:

sahassampi ce vācā anatthapadasaṃhitā |
ekaṃ atthapadaṃ seyyo yaṃ sutvā upasammati || 100 ||

100. Though a thousand speeches be composed of meaningless lines, better the single meaningful line one hears, then comes to calm.

One Pacifying Word Is Noble‌‌
One meaningful word which leads to calm is better than a thousand empty ones.

The Story of Tambadāṭhika

While residing at the Jetavana Monastery, the Buddha spoke this verse, with reference to Tambadāṭhika, the executioner of thieves.

Tambadāṭhika served the king as an executioner of thieves for fifty-five years. In old age he could no longer cut off a man’s head with a single blow. On the day he was retired from office, he gave orders that sweet milk-porridge should be cooked for him. And taking with him old clothes and jasmine flowers and perfumes, he went to the river and bathed. Having so done, he put on the old clothes, decked himself with garlands, anointed his limbs, and went home and sat down. They set before him sweet milk-porridge made with fresh ghee and water for rinsing the hands. At that moment Venerable Sāriputta showed himself at the door of the former executioner’s house. When the man saw the Venerable, he paid obeisance to him. And escorting him into his house, he provided him with a seat, poured the sweet milk-porridge into his bowl, spread fresh ghee thereon, and standing beside him, began to fan him.

After the meal, the monk taught him the Dhamma, but Tambadāṭhika could not pay attention, because he was so agitated as he recollected his past life as an executioner. When the monk knew this, he decided to ask Tambadāṭhika tactfully whether he killed the thieves because he wished to kill them or because he was ordered to do so. Tambadāṭhika answered that he was ordered to kill them by the king and that he had no wish to kill. Then the monk asked, “If that is so, would you be guilty or not?” Tambadāṭhika then concluded that, as he was not responsible for the evil deeds, he was not guilty. He, therefore, calmed down, and requested the monk to continue his exposition. As he listened to the Dhamma with proper attention, he came very close to attaining sotāpatti magga and reached as far as anuloma ñāṇa (adaption-to-truth-knowledge). After the discourse, Tambadāṭhika accompanied Venerable Sāriputta for some distance and then returned home. On his way home a cow (actually a demon in the guise of a cow) gored him to death.

When the Buddha came to the congregation of the monks in the evening, they informed him about the death of Tambadāṭhika. When asked where Tambadāṭhika was reborn, the Buddha told them that although Tambadāṭhika had committed evil deeds throughout his life, because he comprehended the Dhamma after hearing it from Venerable Sāriputta and had already attained anuloma ñāṇa before he died, he was reborn in the Tusita deva world. The monks wondered how such an evildoer could have such great benefit after listening to the Dhamma just once. To them the Buddha said that the length of a discourse is of no consequence, for one single word of sense can produce much benefit.

Explanatory Translation (Verse 100)

anatthapadasaṃhitā vācā ce sahassaṃ api
yaṃ sutvā upasammati ekaṃ atthapadaṃ seyyo

anatthapadasaṃhitā: full of meaningless and worthless expressions; vācā: words; ce: even; sahassaṃ api: thousands (are not worth); yaṃ: if; sutvā: by hearing (it); upasammati: a person is pacified; ekaṃ atthapadaṃ [atthapada]: one such meaningful word; seyyo [seyya]: is noble

Expressions replete with thousands of words are of no value. One single meaningful word is more valuable, if hearing it one is pacified.

Commentary and exegetical material (Verse 100)

vācā anatthapadasaṃhitā: discourse full of useless words. Words that are not conducive to the attainment of higher spiritual goals are meant here. In traditional commentaries, descriptions of sky, mountains, forests, villages, cities, settlements, oceans, moon-rise, sun-rise, parks, water-sports, drinking parties, get-togethers, are considered themes unfit to be talked about by aspirants. These are considered futile and as not being helpful in spiritual pursuits. Thirty-two topics come within the category of useless discourses. Similarly, topics such as rājakathā (matters relating to kings), corakathā (matters relating to thieves), mahāmaccakathā (matters relating to administrators), senā (forces), bhaya (fears), yuddha (wars) are termed unfit words to be discussed by those seeking higher spiritual goals.

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