Sanskrit sources of Kerala history

by Suma Parappattoli | 2010 | 88,327 words

This study deals with the history of Kerala based on ancient Sanskrit sources, such as the Keralamahatmyam. The modern state known as Keralam or Kerala is situated on the Malabar Coast of India. The first chapter of this study discusses the historical details from the inscriptions. The second chapter deals with the historical points from the Mahatm...

This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.

Balarama Vijaya [Balaramavijaya][1] is a historical campus which deals with the heroic exploits of prince Balarama, the heir-apparent to the throne of Bimbala[2]. The author of the work is Sitarama as is mentioned in the beginning of the Campu. According to Dr. K. Kunhunni Raja[3], Sitarama was a cola writer the patronage of king Ramavarma of Vatakkumkur. The editor says that Sitarama was the son of Vaidyanatha Makhi[4]. The editors statement in his contribution that the authors teacher was Vaidyanatha Makhi is also incorrect. The poet states that he is a student of the well known poet Ramabhadra Diksita[5]. Dr. Raja assigns the author [Sitarama] to the 18th C. AD. Dr. S. Venkita-subrahmania Iyer states that the poet gives some idea of the nature of warfare in the 17th century[6]. Vatakkumkur places the author in the latter half of the 17th century[7].

The Balarama Vijaya begins with a description of Malaya mountain and ends with hero’s marriage with Parvati, the heroine. It is devided into two stabakas consisting of verses 201 and 120 respectively. The theme of the work is the war between Vatakkumkur and Tekkumkur. The author is no mean poet. The account of the hero’s welcome which the city gives the Victorians Balarama Varma is picturesque. The mountain Malaya, Uttaravahins[8], river Valkalesa[9], the capital city Manaspada[10] and Balatavi[11] are described in this campu.

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

Ed. by Dr. K. Raghava Pillai, Travancore Sanskrit Series No. 194, 1961. First pub. in JKOUML -Vol.IX Nos. 4 -10, No. 4;
Keraleya Samskrita Sahitya Caritram III -P 46 -48;
Keraleya Samskrita Sahitya Caritram IV-235 -246 (Palm leaf Manuscript No.1246)

[2]:

Bimbala is identified with Vatakkumkur, which was one of the principarities of Kerala and was annexed to Venad by the King great Martandavarma in 1750 AD.

[3]:

Kerala Sanskrit Literature -P 239

[4]:

śrīvaidyanāthamakhīvaryasutena sītārāmeṇa VerseVII

[5]:

patañjaloktyā paripūtakīrtiḥ śrīrāmabhadrākhyamakhīgururnaḥ | Verse IV—
Kerala Sanskrit Literature -P 239;
Keraleya Samskrita Sahitya Caritram IV, P 234;
Kerala Sahitya Caritram, Ullur III -P 44

[6]:

KSLB -P 324

[7]:

Keraleya Samskrita Sahitya Caritram -IV -P 235

[8]:

This river is identified as Vatayaru, or Vatakkanaru

[9]:

Valkala is Vaikkom according to Ullur (Kerala Sahitya Caritram, Ullur III -46) But Vadakkumkur identifies Valkala as a place near Vatayaru (Keraleya Samskrita Sahitya Caritram IV -P 236) See Valkalesastava, Bhasatraimasikam, Vol. XI -Nos. 3 -4, 1961

[10]:

Manaspada may be identified as Ettumanur, though Vatakkumkur gives it as Mannattu near Vatayaru (Keraleya Samskrita Sahitya Caritram -IV -P 237

[11]:

Balatavi is Ilamkavu, Ilamkavu Bhagavati is the household goddess of the royal family of Vatakkumkur.

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