Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.50.9
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अप्र॑तीतो जयति॒ सं धना॑नि॒ प्रति॑जन्यान्यु॒त या सज॑न्या । अ॒व॒स्यवे॒ यो वरि॑वः कृ॒णोति॑ ब्र॒ह्मणे॒ राजा॒ तम॑वन्ति दे॒वाः ॥
अप्रतीतो जयति सं धनानि प्रतिजन्यान्युत या सजन्या । अवस्यवे यो वरिवः कृणोति ब्रह्मणे राजा तमवन्ति देवाः ॥
apratīto jayati saṃ dhanāni pratijanyāny uta yā sajanyā | avasyave yo varivaḥ kṛṇoti brahmaṇe rājā tam avanti devāḥ ||
English translation:
“Unopposed he is the master of the riches of hostile people, and of his own subjects; the Rājā who bestows riches upon the Brāhmaṇa seeking his protection him the gods protect.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
This and the preceding verse are in Aitareya Brāhmaṇa 8.5. 24,26: 'the gods eat not the food of a Rājā who has no purohita; therefore when about to sacrifice, let him (liṭ, plural ce before) a Brāhmaṇa, nā hava apurohitasya rājño deva annam adani tasmād rājā yakṣyamāna brāhmaṇam puro dadhīta'; here, iḷā = food, instrumental ad of earth, his food increases at all seasons;
Sajanyā = allies of his enemies, instrumental ad].of his own people;
Brahmā = brāhmaṇa
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): bṛhaspatiḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अप्र॑तिऽइतः । ज॒य॒ति॒ । सम् । धना॑नि । प्रति॑ऽजन्यानि । उ॒त । या । सऽज॑न्या । अ॒व॒स्यवे॑ । यः । वरि॑वः । कृ॒णोति॑ । ब्र॒ह्मणे॑ । राजा॑ । तम् । अ॒व॒न्ति॒ । दे॒वाः ॥
अप्रतिइतः । जयति । सम् । धनानि । प्रतिजन्यानि । उत । या । सजन्या । अवस्यवे । यः । वरिवः । कृणोति । ब्रह्मणे । राजा । तम् । अवन्ति । देवाः ॥
aprati-itaḥ | jayati | sam | dhanāni | prati-janyāni | uta | yā | sa-janyā | avasyave | yaḥ | varivaḥ | kṛṇoti | brahmaṇe | rājā | tam | avanti | devāḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.50.9 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“irresistible.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”
[adverb]
“sam; together; together; saṃ.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“wealth; property; money; treasure; prize; dhana [word]; valuable; dhan; capital; fight.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
[adverb]
“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“seeking protection; helpless.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“room; varivas [word]; space; escape.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“Brahma; Brahmin; dhak; Brahman; brahman [word]; Brahman; Brahmin; Brahmapurāṇa; Vishnu; Brihaspati.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”