Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.21.7

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स॒त्रा यदीं॑ भार्व॒रस्य॒ वृष्ण॒: सिष॑क्ति॒ शुष्म॑: स्तुव॒ते भरा॑य । गुहा॒ यदी॑मौशि॒जस्य॒ गोहे॒ प्र यद्धि॒ये प्राय॑से॒ मदा॑य ॥
सत्रा यदीं भार्वरस्य वृष्णः सिषक्ति शुष्मः स्तुवते भराय । गुहा यदीमौशिजस्य गोहे प्र यद्धिये प्रायसे मदाय ॥
satrā yad īm bhārvarasya vṛṣṇaḥ siṣakti śuṣmaḥ stuvate bharāya | guhā yad īm auśijasya gohe pra yad dhiye prāyase madāya ||

English translation:

“True it is that this might of the son of the protector of the world, the showerer (of benefits), affects for his advantage the offerer of praise; it (prevails) in the secret (thoughts) of the worshipper, and in his dwelling, for (the accomplishment of his) pious acts, (the attainment of his) desires, and his delight.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The protector of the world: bhārvara = patronymic of Bhārvara, which means jagadbhartā, the protector of the world, or, Prajāpati; in the secret thoughts: the text has guhā pra; this is expanded into: guhārūpa hṛdaye prabhavati, the strength,balam, of Indra, prevails or presides over the heart, in the nature of secrecy or mystery; the purport of the entire verse is that the might of Indra always protects his worshipper, Indrasya balam sarvadā vajamānam pālayati

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स॒त्रा । यत् । इ॒म् । भा॒र्व॒रस्य॑ । वृष्णः॑ । सिस॑क्ति । शुष्मः॑ । स्तु॒व॒ते । भरा॑य । गुहा॑ । यत् । ई॒म् । औ॒शि॒जस्य॑ । गोहे॑ । प्र । यत् । धि॒ये । प्र । अय॑से । मदा॑य ॥
सत्रा । यत् । इम् । भार्वरस्य । वृष्णः । सिसक्ति । शुष्मः । स्तुवते । भराय । गुहा । यत् । ईम् । औशिजस्य । गोहे । प्र । यत् । धिये । प्र । अयसे । मदाय ॥
satrā | yat | im | bhārvarasya | vṛṣṇaḥ | sisakti | śuṣmaḥ | stuvate | bharāya | guhā | yat | īm | auśijasya | gohe | pra | yat | dhiye | pra | ayase | madāya

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.21.7 English analysis of grammar]

satrā

[adverb]

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

īm < īṃ

[adverb]

bhārvarasya < bhārvara

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

vṛṣṇaḥ < vṛṣan

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

siṣakti < sac

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

śuṣma < śuṣman

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

stuvate < stu

[verb noun], dative, singular

“laud; praise; declare; stu.”

bharāya < bhara

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“battle; weight; foray; bhṛ; load.”

guhā

[adverb]

“secretly.”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

īm < īṃ

[adverb]

auśijasya < auśija

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Kakṣīvant.”

gohe < goha

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“hole.”

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

dhiye < dhī

[noun], dative, singular, feminine

“intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

prāyase < prāyas

[noun], dative, singular, neuter

madāya < mada

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

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