Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.21.8

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

वि यद्वरां॑सि॒ पर्व॑तस्य वृ॒ण्वे पयो॑भिर्जि॒न्वे अ॒पां जवां॑सि । वि॒दद्गौ॒रस्य॑ गव॒यस्य॒ गोहे॒ यदी॒ वाजा॑य सु॒ध्यो॒३॒॑ वह॑न्ति ॥
वि यद्वरांसि पर्वतस्य वृण्वे पयोभिर्जिन्वे अपां जवांसि । विदद्गौरस्य गवयस्य गोहे यदी वाजाय सुध्यो वहन्ति ॥
vi yad varāṃsi parvatasya vṛṇve payobhir jinve apāṃ javāṃsi | vidad gaurasya gavayasya gohe yadī vājāya sudhyo vahanti ||

English translation:

“Inasmuch as he has opened the doors of the cloud, and has supplied the rapid courses of the waters with (additional) torrents, so when the pious have recourse to Indra for food, he finds (it) in the haunt of the Gaura and Gavaya.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

He finds it in the haunt of Gaura and Gavaya: vidat gaurasya gavayasya gohe: vidat here has no government;

Goha = gṛha, a dwelling; Gaura and Gavaya are two species of mṛga, deer or any wild animal; they are perhaps bos gavaus or gavaus frontalis and bibos gaurus or bos cavifrons; the purport of the phrase is that Indra obtains those two animals tau dvau paśu labhate, either for himself as sacrificial flesh, or for his worshippers, some of whom, at least, even now, would not object to eat the flesh of the wild oxen

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

वि । यत् । वरां॑सि । पर्व॑तस्य । वृ॒ण्वे । पयः॑ऽभिः । जि॒न्वे । अ॒पाम् । जवां॑सि । वि॒दत् । गौ॒रस्य॑ । ग॒व॒यस्य॑ । गोहे॑ । यदि॑ । वाजा॑य । सु॒ऽध्यः॑ । वह॑न्ति ॥
वि । यत् । वरांसि । पर्वतस्य । वृण्वे । पयःभिः । जिन्वे । अपाम् । जवांसि । विदत् । गौरस्य । गवयस्य । गोहे । यदि । वाजाय । सुध्यः । वहन्ति ॥
vi | yat | varāṃsi | parvatasya | vṛṇve | payaḥ-bhiḥ | jinve | apām | javāṃsi | vidat | gaurasya | gavayasya | gohe | yadi | vājāya | su-dhyaḥ | vahanti

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.21.8 English analysis of grammar]

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

varāṃsi < varas

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

parvatasya < parvata

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”

vṛṇve < vṛ

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“choose; ask.”

payobhir < payobhiḥ < payas

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“milk; milky juice; water; fluid; juice; payas [word]; drink.”

jinve < jinv

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“enliven; animate.”

apāṃ < apām < ap

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

javāṃsi < javas

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“speed.”

vidad < vidat < vid

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“find; detect; marry; get; think.”

gaurasya < gaura

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“white; light; gaura [word]; yellow.”

gavayasya < gavaya

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Gavaya; gayal.”

gohe < goha

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“hole.”

yadī < yadi

[adverb]

“if; in case.”

vājāya < vāja

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

sudhyo < sudhyaḥ < sudhī

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“expert; wise; intelligent.”

vahanti < vah

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

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