Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.21.6

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

धि॒षा यदि॑ धिष॒ण्यन्त॑: सर॒ण्यान्त्सद॑न्तो॒ अद्रि॑मौशि॒जस्य॒ गोहे॑ । आ दु॒रोषा॑: पा॒स्त्यस्य॒ होता॒ यो नो॑ म॒हान्त्सं॒वर॑णेषु॒ वह्नि॑: ॥
धिषा यदि धिषण्यन्तः सरण्यान्त्सदन्तो अद्रिमौशिजस्य गोहे । आ दुरोषाः पास्त्यस्य होता यो नो महान्त्संवरणेषु वह्निः ॥
dhiṣā yadi dhiṣaṇyantaḥ saraṇyān sadanto adrim auśijasya gohe | ā duroṣāḥ pāstyasya hotā yo no mahān saṃvaraṇeṣu vahniḥ ||

English translation:

“When the repeaters of (his) commendations, abiding in the dwelling of the worshipper, approach Indra with praise, may he who is our (great) sustainer in conflicts, whose wrath is difficult to be (appeased), becomes the ministering priest of the master of the house.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Of the worshipper: auśijasya, from uśij, a priest, one who employs priests;

Indra: adri is the name in the text, a name, it is said, of Indra, from dri to divide, to tear, as foes

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

धि॒षा । यदि॑ । धि॒ष॒ण्यन्तः॑ । स॒र॒ण्यान् । सद॑न्तः । अद्रि॑म् । औ॒शि॒जस्य॑ । गोहे॑ । आ । दु॒रोषाः॑ । पा॒स्त्यस्य॑ । होता॑ । यः । नः॒ । म॒हान् । स॒म्ऽवर॑णेषु । वह्निः॑ ॥
धिषा । यदि । धिषण्यन्तः । सरण्यान् । सदन्तः । अद्रिम् । औशिजस्य । गोहे । आ । दुरोषाः । पास्त्यस्य । होता । यः । नः । महान् । सम्वरणेषु । वह्निः ॥
dhiṣā | yadi | dhiṣaṇyantaḥ | saraṇyān | sadantaḥ | adrim | auśijasya | gohe | ā | duroṣāḥ | pāśtyasya | hotā | yaḥ | naḥ | mahān | sam-varaṇeṣu | vahniḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.21.6 English analysis of grammar]

dhiṣā

[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

yadi

[adverb]

“if; in case.”

dhiṣaṇyantaḥ < dhiṣaṇy

[verb noun], nominative, plural

saraṇyān < saraṇy

[verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

sadanto < sadantaḥ < sad

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”

adrim < adri

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

auśijasya < auśija

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Kakṣīvant.”

gohe < goha

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“hole.”

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

duroṣāḥ < duroṣas

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

pāstyasya < pāstya

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

hotā < hotṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Hotṛ.”

yo < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

no < naḥ < mad

[noun], genitive, plural

“I; mine.”

mahān < mahat

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

saṃvaraṇeṣu < saṃvaraṇa

[noun], locative, plural, neuter

“concealment.”

vahniḥ < vahni

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“fire; digestion; Plumbago zeylanica; Agni; vahni; draft horse; three; sacrificial fire; Vahni; gold; southeast; citron; charioteer; leader.”

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