Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.156.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
तम॑स्य॒ राजा॒ वरु॑ण॒स्तम॒श्विना॒ क्रतुं॑ सचन्त॒ मारु॑तस्य वे॒धस॑: । दा॒धार॒ दक्ष॑मुत्त॒मम॑ह॒र्विदं॑ व्र॒जं च॒ विष्णु॒: सखि॑वाँ अपोर्णु॒ते ॥
तमस्य राजा वरुणस्तमश्विना क्रतुं सचन्त मारुतस्य वेधसः । दाधार दक्षमुत्तममहर्विदं व्रजं च विष्णुः सखिवाँ अपोर्णुते ॥
tam asya rājā varuṇas tam aśvinā kratuṃ sacanta mārutasya vedhasaḥ | dādhāra dakṣam uttamam aharvidaṃ vrajaṃ ca viṣṇuḥ sakhivām̐ aporṇute ||
English translation:
“The royal Varuṇa associates (himself) with the sacrifice of the pious worshipper, assisted by the company of the priests; the Aśvins (unite with it); Viṣṇu, with his friend (Indra), possesses supreme heaven-conferring power, and sits upon the clouds.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Assisted by the company of the priests: kratum sacanta mārutasya vedhasaḥ;
Vedhas = the creator, or Viṣṇu; the sacrifice offered to Viṣṇu, attended by the Maruts; or, Māruta = Indra; Possesses heaven-conferringpower: dādhāra dakṣam uttamam aharvidam, he has the best power cognizant of day;
Aharvidam: genitive rative of svarga: svargotpādakam; sits upon the clouds: or, sends down rain
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viṣṇuḥ ;
Chandas (meter): jagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
तम् । अ॒स्य॒ । राजा॑ । वरु॑णः । तम् । अ॒श्विना॑ । क्रतु॑म् । स॒च॒न्त॒ । मारु॑तस्य । वे॒धसः॑ । दा॒धार॑ । दक्ष॑म् । उ॒त्ऽत॒मम् । अ॒हः॒ऽविद॑म् । व्र्ज॒म् । च॒ । विष्णुः॑ । सखि॑ऽवान् । अ॒प॒ऽऊ॒र्णु॒ते ॥
तम् । अस्य । राजा । वरुणः । तम् । अश्विना । क्रतुम् । सचन्त । मारुतस्य । वेधसः । दाधार । दक्षम् । उत्तमम् । अहःविदम् । व्र्जम् । च । विष्णुः । सखिवान् । अपऊर्णुते ॥
tam | asya | rājā | varuṇaḥ | tam | aśvinā | kratum | sacanta | mārutasya | vedhasaḥ | dādhāra | dakṣam | ut-tamam | ahaḥ-vidam | vrjam | ca | viṣṇuḥ | sakhi-vān | apa-ūrṇute
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.156.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“Asvins; two.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”
[verb], plural, Present injunctive
“accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Marut(a).”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Brahma; creator; believer [worshipper]; Vishnu.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“keep; put; hold; assume; wear; take; promise; stay; exist; hold; begin; dip.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Dakṣa; ability; cock; fitness; will; purpose; disposition; cock.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“best; excellent; highest; better; extreme; last; first; topmost; chief(a); higher; highest; maximal; uttama [word]; prevailing; finest.”
[noun], neuter
“day; day; ahar [word]; day; day.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“finding.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“cow pen; Vraja; battalion; Vraja; Vraja; vraja [word]; vraj; herd; flock; group.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; then; now; even.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Vishnu; Krishna; Viṣṇu; Om; Shiva.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“open.”