Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.19.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ये म॒हो रज॑सो वि॒दुर्विश्वे॑ दे॒वासो॑ अ॒द्रुह॑: । म॒रुद्भि॑रग्न॒ आ ग॑हि ॥
ये महो रजसो विदुर्विश्वे देवासो अद्रुहः । मरुद्भिरग्न आ गहि ॥
ye maho rajaso vidur viśve devāso adruhaḥ | marudbhir agna ā gahi ||
English translation:
“Who all are divine (devāsaḥ = dyotamānāḥ, shining) and devoid of malignity and who know (how to cause the descent) of great waters; come, Agni, with the (sapta-gaṇā or all seven troops of) Maruts.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Udīryathā marutaḥ samudrato yūyam vṛṣṭim vars. ayathā purīṣiṇaḥ: Maruts, you have risen from the ocrean; taking the lead, you have sent down rain (RV 5.55.5);
Rajas = water, light or the world (Nirukta. 4.19)
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): medhātithiḥ kāṇvaḥ [medhātithi kāṇva];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agnirmarutaśca ;
Chandas (meter): gāyatrī;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ये । म॒हः । रज॑सः । वि॒दुः । विश्वे॑ । दे॒वासः॑ । अ॒द्रुहः॑ । म॒रुत्ऽभिः॑ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । आ । ग॒हि॒ ॥
ये । महः । रजसः । विदुः । विश्वे । देवासः । अद्रुहः । मरुत्भिः । अग्ने । आ । गहि ॥
ye | mahaḥ | rajasaḥ | viduḥ | viśve | devāsaḥ | adruhaḥ | marut-bhiḥ | agne | ā | gahi
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.19.3 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“friendly; benign.”
[noun], instrumental, plural
“Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[verb], singular, Aorist imperative
“go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”