Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 3.18

अधीत-व्यवहारार्थं मौलं ख्यातं विपश्चितम् ।
अर्थस्योत्पादकं चैव विदध्यान् मन्त्रिणं नृपः ॥ १८ ॥

adhīta-vyavahārārthaṃ maulaṃ khyātaṃ vipaścitam |
arthasyotpādakaṃ caiva vidadhyān mantriṇaṃ nṛpaḥ || 18 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 3.18 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (3.18). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Adhita, Vyavahara, Artha, Maula, Khyata, Vipashcit, Vipashcita, Utpadaka, Vida, Dha, Dhi, Dhya, Mantrin, Nripa,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 3.18). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “adhīta-vyavahārārthaṃ maulaṃ khyātaṃ vipaścitam
  • adhīta -
  • adhīta (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    adhīta (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • vyavahārā -
  • vyavahāra (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • artham -
  • artha (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    artha (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • maulam -
  • maula (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    maula (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    maulā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • khyātam -
  • khyāta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    khyāta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    khyātā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    khyā -> khyāta (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √khyā class 2 verb]
    khyā -> khyāta (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √khyā class 2 verb], [accusative single from √khyā class 2 verb]
    khyā (verb class 2)
    [imperative active second dual]
  • vipaścitam -
  • vipaścita (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vipaścita (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    vipaścitā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    vipaścit (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • Line 2: “arthasyotpādakaṃ caiva vidadhyān mantriṇaṃ nṛpaḥ
  • arthasyo -
  • artha (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    artha (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
  • utpādakam -
  • utpādaka (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    utpādaka (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    utpādakā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • cai -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • aiva -
  • i (verb class 2)
    [imperfect active first dual]
  • vida -
  • vida (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    vida (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    vid (verb class 2)
    [perfect active second plural]
  • dhyā -
  • dhi (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    dhī (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    dhā (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    dhyā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • ān -
  • āt (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    a (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative plural], [ablative single]
  • mantriṇam -
  • mantrin (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • nṛpaḥ -
  • nṛpa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 3.18

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 3.18 in Gujarati sript:
અધીત-વ્યવહારાર્થં મૌલં ખ્યાતં વિપશ્ચિતમ્ ।
અર્થસ્યોત્પાદકં ચૈવ વિદધ્યાન્ મન્ત્રિણં નૃપઃ ॥ ૧૮ ॥

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