Virudhaka, Virūḍhaka, Virūdhaka: 8 definitions

Introduction
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In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
2. General definition
Languages
1. Sanskrit
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Introduction:

Virudhaka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

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In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Virūdhaka (विरूधक) is the name of a king that caused one of Buddha’s nine torments according to appendix 12 of the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XIV).—When king Virūdhaka and his army massacred the Śākyas, the Buddha had a headache.

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (mahayana)

Virūḍhaka (विरूढक) refers to one of the “four great kings” (Caturmahārāja), according to the sixth chapter of the Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtra, which teaches the protection of the state for the mutual benefit of the Buddhist Sangha and the monarch.—Accordingly, the Caturmahārājaparivarta or Chapter on the Four Great Kings, conveys an explicit message: those kings (manuṣyarāja) who venerate the Suvarṇaprabhāsottama and support the Buddhist Sangha will be protected from hostile armies and other dangers by the Four Great Kings (caturmahārāja), and their countries will exist in highest state of harmony. Simultaneously, those who ignore this tradition will face decline. These eminent Yakṣas [i.e., Virūḍhaka] are celestial guardians of the cardinal directions, along with their retinues in Jambudvīpa.

Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture

Virūḍhaka (विरूढक) refers to “one of the four great kings”, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha

Virūḍhaka (विरूढक) refers to the first of the “four world protectors” (caturlokapāla) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 7). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., caturlokapāla and Virūḍhaka). The work is attributed to Nagarguna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

Languages of India and abroad

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Virūḍhaka (विरूढक).—Grain that has begun to sprout.

Derivable forms: virūḍhakaḥ (विरूढकः).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Viruḍhaka (विरुढक).—m.c. for Virūḍhaka, q.v.

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Virūḍhaka (विरूढक).—(1) (= Pali Virūḷhaka), name of one of the four ‘world-guardians’, see s.v. mahārāja(n); guardian of the south, and chief of kumbhāṇḍas; Viru° (m.c.; text °dhaka) Samādhirājasūtra p. 42 line 4; (2) name of a former Buddha: Mahāvastu iii.235.9; (3) name of a cakravartin king: Mahāvyutpatti 3597; (4) name of a general (senāpati) of King Prasenajit: Divyāvadāna 77.27; 466.23; Mūla-Sarvāstivāda-Vinaya iv.63.7; (5) name of a nāga-king: Mahā-Māyūrī 247.18, see Virūpākṣa (1).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Virūḍhaka (विरूढक):—[=vi-rūḍhaka] [from vi-rūḍha > vi-ruh] mn. grain that has begun to sprout, [Suśruta]

2) [v.s. ...] m. Name of a prince of the Kumbhāṇḍas, [Lalita-vistara] (cf. [Monier-Williams’ Buddhism 206; 220])

3) [v.s. ...] Name of a Loka-pāla, [Buddhist literature]

4) [v.s. ...] of a son of Prasenajit (enemy of the Śākyas), [ib.]

5) [v.s. ...] of a son of Ikṣvāku, [ib.]

[Sanskrit to German]

Virudhaka in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Relevant text

Search found 13 books and stories containing Virudhaka, Virūḍhaka, Virūdhaka, Viruḍhaka, Vi-rudhaka, Vi-rūḍhaka; (plurals include: Virudhakas, Virūḍhakas, Virūdhakas, Viruḍhakas, rudhakas, rūḍhakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Chapter 2 - The genealogy of Mahāsammata < [Book 1 - The beginning of the story of the Doctrine]

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Flora (14): Vegetables < [Chapter 5 - Aspects of Nature]

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Chapter 2 - Country of Kie-pi-lo-fa-su-tu (Kapilavastu) < [Book VI - Four Countries]

Chapter 1 - Country of Shi-lo-fu-shi-ti (Shravasti) < [Book VI - Four Countries]

Chapter 6 - Country of Kia-shi-mi-lo (Kashmir) < [Book III - Eight Countries]

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Appendix 12 - The nine torments or sufferings of the Buddha < [Chapter XIV - Emission of rays]

Bodhisattva quality 26: concentration commemorating the Buddhas < [Chapter XIII - The Buddha-fields]

II. The knowledge of the retribution of actions (karmavipāka-jñānabala) < [Part 2 - The ten powers in particular]

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