Sardha, Sārdha, Śardha, Shardha: 12 definitions
Introduction:
Sardha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Śardha can be transliterated into English as Sardha or Shardha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Sārdha (सार्ध) refers to the “one and a half”, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] [Now], I shall define the nature of that highest, mind-free absorption which arises for those devoted to constant practice. [...] The Yogin who remains in absorption for a year and a half (sārdha-saṃvatsara), [gains] the Siddhi of the water-element. He becomes absorbed in the water-element. [...]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Sārdha (सार्ध) means “simultaneously”, according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 31).—Accordingly, “[...] Then the yogin makes this reflection: ‘When I examined inwardly, I did not find the Ātman and [I wondered] if it was not on the outside (bahirdhā), but when I examined [things] on the outside, I did not find it either. I wonder if the Ātman is not a delusion (bhrānti). Now I must examine internally and externally simultaneously (yugapat). Examining internal and external are two distinct operations (bhinna); examining [internal and external] at the same time (ekakāla) and simultaneously (sārdha) are conjunct operations!’ But although he examines [internal and external] conjointly or separately, the Ātman is not found anywhere: the examination is therefore ended. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
sārdha (सार्ध).—a (S sa With, ardha Half.) That has a half added or attached to it. Ex. sārdhamudrā, sārdharupayā, sārdhaāmbā, sārdhadvaya, sārdhatraya.
sārdha (सार्ध).—a That has a half added to it.
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sārdha (सार्ध).—a Relating to the whole or all.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Śardha (शर्ध).—[śṛdh-ghañ]
1) Breaking wind, flatulence (said to be n. also in this sense).
2) A troop, multitude.
3) Strength, power.
Derivable forms: śardhaḥ (शर्धः).
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Sārdha (सार्ध).—a. Increased by half, plus one-half, having a half over; as in सार्धशतम् (sārdhaśatam) (= 15), द्वे शते सार्धे (dve śate sārdhe) (25) &c.
Śardha (शर्ध) or Śarddha.—mn.
(-rddhaḥ-rddhaṃ) Farting, a fart. m.
(-rddhaḥ) 1. Strength. 2. Multitude. E. śṛdh to fart, aff. ghañ .
Śardha (शर्ध).—i. e. śṛdh + a, m. 1. A fart. 2. A troop,
Śardha (शर्ध).—1. [adjective] defiant, strong.
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Śardha (शर्ध).—2. [masculine] troop, host.
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Sārdha (सार्ध).—[adjective] with a half; [neuter] sārdham [adverb] together, along with ([instrumental] or —°).
1) Śardha (शर्ध):—a mfn. (√śṛdh) defiant, bold ([originally] ‘breaking wind against another’), [Ṛg-veda]
2) m. breaking wind, flatulence, [Vopadeva]
3) a (defiant or bold) host, troop ([especially] the host of the Maruts), [Ṛg-veda]
4) [from śṛdh] b etc. See p. 1058, col. 2.
5) Sārdha (सार्ध):—mf(ā)n. joined with a half, plus one half. increased by one half. having a half over (e.g. dve śate sārdhe, ‘two hundred together with a half’ id est. 250), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.
Ṣardha (षर्ध):—sarddhati 1. a. To go.
Śardha (शर्ध):—1. (von 1. śardh) adj. frech, trotzig [Ṛgveda 4, 1, 12. 5, 87, 1.] Indra [9, 30, 6.] auch wohl [104, 3. 105, 3.]
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Śardha (शर्ध):—2. (von 2. śardh) m. Furz [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 26, 61.]
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Śardha (शर्ध):—
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Sārdha (सार्ध):—(2. sa + ardha)
1) adj. (f. ā) nebst einem halben: dve śate sārdhe 250 [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 8, 138.] [Mārkāṇḍeyapurāṇa 119, 17.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 1, 51.] sārdhaṃ varṣaśatam 150 [172.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 29, 171.] dve sahasre suvarṇasya sārdhe 2500 [Rājataraṅgiṇī 6, 102.] pañcatriṃśatamabdānāṃ sārdhām 35½ [1, 196.] triṃśataṃ sārdhāṃ (so zu lesen) varṣāṇām 30½ 286. dinadvayena sārdhena 2½ 129. caturo māsāṃsārdhān 4½ [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 11, 45. 53, 26. 54, 54.] [Kullūka] zu [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 4, 95.] sārdhatryaṅgula [Suśruta 1, 126, 5.] sāṃrdhasaptan 7½ Comm. zu [Sūryasiddhānta 7, 13.] [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 5, 21, 10.] [Scholiast] zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 2, 32.] sārdhamevāṃśam 1½ Theile [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 9, 151.] yāminyā yāmaḥ sārdho (so zu lesen) vaśiṣyate [Rājataraṅgiṇī 3, 178.] [Pañcatantra 237, 3.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 54, 6.] ardhapadāḥ, sārdhāḥ ein halbes Fach einnehmend, anderthalb Fächer einnehmend [53, 56.] —
2) sārdham indecl. gaṇa svarādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 1, 37.] = saha u.s.w. [Amarakoṣa 3, 5, 4.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1527.] [Halāyudha 5, 91.] a) adv. zusammen: striyaḥ sārdhaṃ yānti [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 1, 3, 1, 9.] sārdhaṃ juhoti [2, 3, 2, 14. 6, 2, 7. 3, 6, 3, 7. 4, 2, 5. 5, 3, 4, 27.] vihārin [Vyutpatti oder Mahāvyutpatti 224.] ā-dā mitnehmen [WEBER, Rāmatāpanīya Upaniṣad 299.] — b) praep. mit, zugleich mit: α) mit vorangehendem oder folgendem instr. [LĀṬY. 5, 8, 5. 12.] [Chāndogyopaniṣad 8, 9, 2.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 1, 27.] āsīta guruṇā sārdham [2, 204.] nāśnīyādbhāryayā sārdham [4, 43. 7, 56. 59. 151.] na tatputrairbhajetsārdham [9, 209. 11, 186.] [Mahābhārata 1, 5568.] saṃgacchasva mayā sārdhamekenaikaḥ [5989. 3, 1727. 2303. 2697.] [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 1, 31. fg. 2, 33, 6. 51, 19.] pretairvā bhāṣate sārdham [Suśruta 1, 116, 1.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 2, 18. 89, 10.] [Śākuntala 95. 109, 1.] [WEBER, Rāmatāpanīya Upaniṣad 296.] [Raghuvaṃśa 4, 69.] [Spr. (II) 336. 7028.] [Lassen’s Anthologie (III) 36, 17. 51, 6.] [Rājataraṅgiṇī 1, 60.] [Bhaṭṭikavya 6, 26.] putreṇa sārdhaṃ dhanavān [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 2, 3, 19, Scholiast] rātrayaḥ ṣoḍaśa caturbhiritaraiḥ sārdhamahobhiḥ sadvigarhitaiḥ [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 46.] tapyantamṛṣibhiḥ sārdhaṃ mātulam [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 62, 3.] sāhaṃ tvāṃ bhrātṛbhiḥ sārdhaṃ yadbravīmi zu dir und deinen Brüdern [Mahābhārata 1, 5965.] nītā rātriḥ kṣaṇamiva mayā sārdham [Meghadūta 87.] [Spr. (II) 4421.] pradeśinyādibhiḥ sārdhamaṅguṣṭhe vitate sati [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 595.] — β) in comp. mit der Ergänzung: kutra gopāṅganāsārdhaṃ vijahāra jagatpatiḥ [Oxforder Handschriften 26,b,21.] kā prītiḥ gaṇikāsārdham [Spr. (II) 1635.]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Śardha (ಶರ್ಧ):—
1) [noun] a group of people; a troop; a host; a multitude.
2) [noun] bodily strength; might.
3) [noun] gas discharged from the intestines through the anus; fart.
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Sārdha (ಸಾರ್ಧ):—[adjective] that is having half portion of.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+8): Sardhacandra, Sardhaika, Sardhaikahasta, Sardhaim, Sardhain, Sardham, Sardhamatra, Sardhamcara, Sardhamviharika, Sardhamviharin, Sardhancara, Sardhancari, Sardhanemi, Sardhasamvatsara, Sardhasaptan, Sardhashata, Sardhavarsha, Sardhavarshika, Sartar, Shardhajaha.
Full-text (+167): Shardhamjaha, Shardhas, Prashardha, Sardham, Shardhaniti, Sardhavarshika, Vishvashardhas, Sardhasamvatsara, Sardhamviharin, Shardhavat, Yuyutsu, Sardhashata, Sardhasaptan, Sardhacandra, Sardhamatra, Sardhamviharika, Sraddhu, Jalp, Sardhaviharin, Vaira.
Relevant text
Search found 95 books and stories containing Sardha, Sārdha, Śardha, Ṣardha, Shardha; (plurals include: Sardhas, Sārdhas, Śardhas, Ṣardhas, Shardhas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Krishna Sandarbha of Jiva Goswami (by Kusakratha Prabhu)
Vishnu Smriti (Study) (by Minu Bhattacharjee)
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 6.1.14 < [Chapter 1 - Jarāsandha’s Defeat]
Verse 3.7.22 < [Chapter 7 - The Holy Places of Śrī Girirāja]
Verse 1.4.43 < [Chapter 4 - Description of Questions About the Lord’s Appearance]
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
Introduction (five thousand bhikṣus) < [Chapter VI - The Great Bhikṣu Saṃgha]
Part 1 - Explanation of the word Sārdham < [Chapter VI - The Great Bhikṣu Saṃgha]