Alternative spellings of this word include Mukhar.

In Hinduism

Shilpashastra (iconography)

Source: Wisdom Library: Śilpa-śāstra

Mukhara (मुखर) is a Sanskrit name referring to one of the eight manifestations of Bhīṣaṇa, who is a form of Bhairava. According to the Rudrayāmala, there are eight main forms of Bhairava who control the eight directions of this universe. Each form (e.g., Bhīṣaṇa) has a further eight sub-manifestations (e.g., Mukhara), thus resulting in a total of 64 Bhairavas.

When depicting Mukhara according to traditional iconographic rules (śilpaśāstra), one should depcit him (and other forms of Bhīṣaṇa) having a yellow color and should carry in his hands the kuṇḍa, the kheṭaka, the parigha (a kind of club) and bhiṇḍipāla. The word Śilpaśāstra refers to an ancient Hindu science of arts and crafts, dealing with subjects such as painting, sculpture and iconography.

context information

Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)

Source: Shodhganga: a concise history of Sanskrit Chanda literature

Mukhara (मुखर) is the name of a Sanskrit metre (chandas) to which Hemacandra (1088-1173 C.E.) assigned the alternative name of Kalahaṃsā in his auto-commentary on the second chapter of the Chandonuśāsana. Hemacandra gives these alternative names for the metres by other authorities (like Bharata), even though the number of gaṇas or letters do not differ.

context information

Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: Wisdom Library: Skanda-purana

Mukhara (मुखर) refers to “resonant sounds (of the humming of bees)”, according to the Skandapurāṇa 2.2.13 (“The Greatness of Kapoteśa and Bilveśvara”).—Accordingly: as Jaimini said to the Sages: “[...] [Dhūrjaṭi (Śiva)] went to the holy spot Kuśasthalī. He performed a very severe penance near Nīla mountain. [...] By the power of his penance that holy spot became one comparable to Vṛndāvana, the forest near Gokula. Its interior was rendered splendid by lakes, ponds, reservoirs and rivers. It was full of different kinds of trees and creepers (laden) with fruits and flowers of all seasons. It was resonant with the humming sounds [i.e., mukhara—jhaṃkārairmukharāśayā] of bees inebriated with honey. It was full of different kinds of flocks of birds. It was a comfortable place of resort for all creatures. Since by means of his penance Śiva became (small) like a dove, he came to be called Kapoteśvara at the behest of Murāri (Viṣṇu). It is at his bidding that the Three-eyed Lord always stays here along with Mṛḍānī (Pārvatī). [...]”.

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

Mukhara (मुखर).—A serpent of the family of Kaśyapa. (Śloka 16, Chapter 103, Udyoga Parva).

Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Mukhara (मुखर) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.31.14, I.35, V.101.16/V.103) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Mukhara) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: archive.org: Indian Historical Quarterly Vol. 7 (shaivism)

Mukharā (मुखरा) refers to one of the twenty-four names of the Lāmās, according to the 8th-centry Jayadratha-yāmala.—While describing the special practices of the Lāmās mentions the special language to be used with them. This language is described as monosyllabic (ekākṣara-samullāpa) and may thus be considered to have belonged to the Sino-Tibetan family as the Lamas themselves belonged to the Tibetan group of mystics. The Lāmās [viz., Mukharā], according to this language, had 24 different names.

context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Ayurveda (science of life)

Source: Shodhganga: Portrayal of Animal Kingdom (Tiryaks) in Epics An Analytical study

Mukhara (मुखर) (lit. “one who is talkative”) is a synonym (another name) for the Crow (Kāka), according to scientific texts such as the Mṛgapakṣiśāstra (Mriga-pakshi-shastra) or “the ancient Indian science of animals and birds” by Hamsadeva, containing the varieties and descriptions of the animals and birds seen in the Sanskrit Epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

mukhara : (adj.) garrulous; talkative.

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Mukhara, (adj.) (cp. Sk. mukhara; fr. mukha) garrulous, noisy, scurrilous S. I, 203; V, 269; A. I, 70; III, 199, 355; Th. 1, 955; Sn. 275; J. III, 103; DhA. II, 70 (ati°); PvA. 11.—opp. amukhara M. I, 470; Th. 1, 926; Pug. 35; Miln. 414. (Page 534)

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

mukhara (मुखर).—a S Talkative. 2 Sonorous, sounding, that emits sound.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

mukhara (मुखर).—a Talkative. Sonorous.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Mukhara (मुखर).—a. [mukhaṃ mukhavyāpāraṃ kathanaṃ rāti rā-ka Tv. cf. P. V.2. 17 Vārt. also]

1) Talkative, garrulous, loquacious; मुखरा खल्वेषा गर्भदासी (mukharā khalveṣā garbhadāsī) Ratnāvalī 2; मुखरतावसरे हि विराजते (mukharatāvasare hi virājate) Ki. 5.16; तद्रूपवर्णनामुखर (tadrūpavarṇanāmukhara) K.189; Bhaṭṭikāvya 2.54.

2) Noisy, making a continuous sound, tinkling, jingling (as an anklet &c.); स्तम्बेरमा मुखरशृङ्खलकर्षिणस्ते (stamberamā mukharaśṛṅkhalakarṣiṇaste) R.5.72; अन्तः- कूजन्मुखरशकुनो यत्र रम्यो वनान्तः (antaḥ- kūjanmukharaśakuno yatra ramyo vanāntaḥ) Uttararāmacarita 2.25,2; Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 9.5; मुखरमधीरं त्यज मञ्जीरं रिपुमिव केलिषु लोलम् (mukharamadhīraṃ tyaja mañjīraṃ ripumiva keliṣu lolam) Gītagovinda 5; Mk. 1.35; तोयोत्सर्गस्तनितमुखरो मा स्म भूः (toyotsargastanitamukharo mā sma bhūḥ) Me. 39.

3) Sounding, resonant or resounding with (usually at the end of comp.); स्थाने स्थाने मुखरककुभो झाङ्कृतैर्निर्झराणाम् (sthāne sthāne mukharakakubho jhāṅkṛtairnirjharāṇām) Uttararāmacarita 2. 14; मण्डलीमुखरशिखरे (maṇḍalīmukharaśikhare) (latākuñje) Gītagovinda 2; गोदावरीमुखरकन्दर- गिरिः (godāvarīmukharakandara- giriḥ) Uttararāmacarita 1; R.13.4.

4) Expressive or indicative of.

5) Foul-mouthed, abusive, scurrilous.

6) Mocking, ridiculing.

-raḥ 1 A crow.

2) A leader, the chief or principal person; यदि कार्यविपत्तिः स्यान्मुखरस्तत्र हन्यते (yadi kāryavipattiḥ syānmukharastatra hanyate) H.1. 27.

3) A conch-shell.

-rī The bit of a bridle.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Mukhara (मुखर).—adj. (in Sanskrit noisy, especially garrulous, but also of animals and inanimate objects; Lex. as subst. a crow, and according to MW as adj. scurrilous, a meaning which the word is said to have in Pali), perhaps impudent (in action, by transfer from scurrilous, impudent in speech?): in Mahāvastu [Page434-a+ 71] iii.127.15 said of a crow which kept snatching food from a king's servants, eṣo kākaḥ dhṛṣṭo mukharo pragal- bho…; the regular Sanskrit meaning seems impossible here, since the complaint was not against the crow's noise but his impudent behavior. Cf. amukhara.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Mukhara (मुखर).—mfn.

(-raḥ-rā-raṃ) 1. Foul-mouthed, speaking harshly or scurrilously. 2. Sounding, noisy. 3. Speaking in ridicule of, rallying, mocking, &c. m.

(-raḥ) 1. A ring-leader. 2. A conch-shell. 3. Leading, preceding. 4. A crow. E. mukha the mouth, ra aff., implying depreciation, or rā to go, ḍa aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Mukhara (मुखर).—[mukha + ra], I. adj. 1. Foulmouthed, speaking harshly or scurrilously, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 2, 61. 2. Rallying. 3. Resounding, [Lassen, Anthologia Sanskritica.] 69, 5; noisy, [Uttara Rāmacarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 16, 9; [Meghadūta, (ed. Gildemeister.)] 38. Ii. m. 1. A leader, [Hitopadeśa] i. [distich] 28, M. M. 2. A conch-shell.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Mukhara (मुखर).—[adjective] talkative, loquacious, garrulous, noisy; eloquent on, resonant with (—°); [abstract] tā [feminine] —[masculine] chief, ringleader; [feminine] ī bit of a bridle.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Mukhara (मुखर):—[from mukha] mf(ā)n. ([from] mukha; cf. [Pān v 2 107], [vArttika] i, [Patañjali]) talkative, garrulous, loquacious (said also of birds and bees), [Kāvya literature; Kathāsaritsāgara]

2) [v.s. ...] noisy, tinkling (as an anklet etc.), [Mṛcchakaṭikā; Kālidāsa]

3) [v.s. ...] sound resonant or eloquent with, expressive of ([compound]), [Kāvya literature; Kathāsaritsāgara]

4) [v.s. ...] scurrilous, [Kāvya literature; Rājataraṅgiṇī]

5) [v.s. ...] foul-mouthed, scurrilous speaking harshly or abusively, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) [v.s. ...] m. a crow, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) [v.s. ...] a conch shell, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) [v.s. ...] a leader, principal, chief, [Hitopadeśa]

9) [v.s. ...] Name of a Nāga, [Mahābhārata]

10) [v.s. ...] of a rogue, [Catalogue(s)]

11) Mukharā (मुखरा):—[from mukhara > mukha] f. Name of a serpent-maid, [Kāraṇḍa-vyūha]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Mukhara (मुखर):—[(raḥ-rā-raṃ) a.] Foul-mouthed; noisy. m. A conch, a crow; leading.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Mukhara (मुखर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Muhala.

[Sanskrit to German]

Mukhara in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Mukhara (मुखर) [Also spelled mukhar]:—(a) explicit; outspoken; loud; talkative, garrulous.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Mukhara (ಮುಖರ):—[noun] a kind of ring worn by women on their nose.

--- OR ---

Mukhara (ಮುಖರ):—

1) [adjective] talking or fond of talking a great deal; loquacious; talkative.

2) [adjective] making sound; sounding.

3) [adjective] making continuous jingling sound or tinkling sounds of metal coins.

4) [adjective] resounding or reechoing; producing resonance; resonant.

5) [adjective] expressing one’s inner feelings, ideas, emotions, etc.

6) [adjective] treating disdainfully; insulting; deriding.

7) [adjective] using or fond of using, sarcasm.

--- OR ---

Mukhara (ಮುಖರ):—

1) [noun] a sound; noise.

2) [noun] a man who talks or fond of talking a great deal.

3) [noun] a man who is skilled in speaking.

4) [noun] a man who has promised (something to anotehr).

5) [noun] a man who uses abusive, contemptible language.

6) [noun] the act of mocking; mockery.

7) [noun] spokenwords; utterance; speech.

8) [noun] a crow.

9) [noun] (masc.) a leader.

10) [noun] the large, spiral, univalve shell of any of various marine mollusks.

--- OR ---

Mukhāra (ಮುಖಾರ):—[noun] the area or yard in front of a house.

--- OR ---

Mukhāra (ಮುಖಾರ):—[adverb] on the face; (insulting) openly.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Starts with: Mukharabhashe, Mukharaga, Mukharagol, Mukharajju, Mukharaka, Mukharamba, Mukharana, Mukharandhra, Mukharanga, Mukharapishaca, Mukharapishacha, Mukharasa, Mukharata, Mukharate, Mukharati, Mukharay, Mukharaya, Mukharayati.

Ends with: Advaitamukhara, Amukhara, Atimukhara, Pramukhara, Prashamsamukhara, Pratimukhara, Unmukhara, Unmukharamukhara.

Full-text (+6): Mukharata, Mukharita, Maukhara, Maukharya, Unmukhara, Prashamsamukhara, Amukhara, Mukharikarana, Atimukhara, Muhala, Mukharikar, Mukhari, Maukharyya, Unmukharamukhara, Mukhar, Shrutimukharamukha, Kalakala, Mukharaka, Jatika, Bhishana.

Relevant text

Search found 10 books and stories containing Mukhara, Mukharā, Mukhāra; (plurals include: Mukharas, Mukharās, Mukhāras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Tibetan tales (derived from Indian sources) (by W. R. S. Ralston)

Chapter 34 - The two Otters and the Jackal

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Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)

Verse 4.5.30 < [Part 5 - Anger (raudra-rasa)]

Verse 2.5.26 < [Part 5 - Permanent Ecstatic Mood (sthāyī-bhāva)]

Verse 2.4.223 < [Part 4 - Transient Ecstatic Disturbances (vyābhicāri-bhāva)]

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Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)

Verse 2.236 < [Chapter 2 - The Lord’s Manifestation at the House of Śrīvāsa and the Inauguration of Saṅkīrtana]

Verse 3.3.361 < [Chapter 3 - Mahāprabhu’s Deliverance of Sarvabhauma, Exhibition of His Six-armed Form, and Journey to Bengal]

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The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)

Chapter 124 - Creation of Mukhāra Tīrtha < [Section 1 - Tīrtha-māhātmya]

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Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)

Section CIII < [Bhagavat-Yana Parva]

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Bhajana-Rahasya (by Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura Mahasaya)

Text 44 < [Chapter 2 - Dvitīya-yāma-sādhana (Prātaḥ-kālīya-bhajana)]

Text 19 < [Chapter 7 - Saptama-yāma-sādhana (Pradoṣa-kālīya-bhajana–vipralambha-prema)]

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