Catushkona, Catukkona, Catukkoṇa, Catukona, Catukoṇa, Catur-kona, Catuṣkoṇa: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Catushkona means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Catuṣkoṇa can be transliterated into English as Catuskona or Catushkona, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Chatushkona.
In Hinduism
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wikibooks (hi): Sanskrit Technical TermsCatuṣkoṇa (चतुष्कोण).—Quadrilateral. Note: Catur-koṇa is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: SOAS University of London: Protective Rites in the Netra TantraCatuṣkoṇa (चतुष्कोण) refers to a “square” and represents a component of the Rājarakṣā (“protection of the king”), according to the Netratantra of Kṣemarāja: a Śaiva text from the 9th century in which Śiva (Bhairava) teaches Pārvatī topics such as metaphysics, cosmology, and soteriology.—Accordingly, [verse 10.39-45]—“[...] Outside of the lotus, [the Mantrin] should draw the very white śaśimaṇḍala, and outside of that [he is to draw] a square (catuṣkoṇa) endowed with the mark of a vajra. Thus, having written [all this] with saffron, bile, and white milk he should worship in peace with an all white [offering]. In this way, he [gives] edible offerings and liquor to the appropriate, voracious form [of the deity]. [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchCatuṣkoṇa (चतुष्कोण) refers to “that which is square in shape”, according to the twelfth-century Vivekamārtaṇḍa 158.—Accordingly, “Having become absorbed in the earth element, which is bright like orpiment and gold, yellow, endowed with the syllable la, presided over by Brahmā, square [in shape] [i.e., catuṣkoṇa] and located in the heart, [the Yogin] should hold his breath and mind in it for two hours. This dhāraṇā on the earth [element] makes [the Yogin] constantly steady and a master of the earth [element]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha Chikitsa (p)Catuṣkoṇa (चतुष्कोण) refers to a “rectangular seat” which forms part of the meditation on Garuḍa in the Pañcabhūtamaṇḍala, according to the second chapter of the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā (Toxicology).—Accordingly, text text dictates that a Garuḍa-upāsaka, the aspirant, must meditate on Garuḍa of the following form—The Kāśyapasaṃhitā describes the different forms of Garuḍa in the five bhūta-maṇḍalas on which the aspirant has to meditate upon to cure the snake-bite victim from the poison which could have killed him. In the earth or pṛthvīmaṇḍala, the aspirant has to meditate on and invoke Garuḍa who is yellow-hued seated in a rectangular seat (vajra-catuṣkoṇa) representing Indra.
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Shodhganga: Kohala in the Sanskrit textual tradition (ns)Catuṣkoṇa (चतुष्कोण) or Catuṣkoṇakuṭṭitā refers to one of twenty-five Madhupa types of Deśī varieties of Cārīs—“movements that involve the simultaneous movement of the feet, shanks and the hip”, according to Kallinātha’s Kalānidhi commentary on Śārṅgadeva’s Saṅgītaratnākara, 7.1016 (Vol. IV, pp.313-317).—Śārṅgadeva names and explains deśīcārīs of the ākāśikī-cārīs and ākāśikī-cārīs varieties described in Bharata’s Nāṭyaśāstra. Kallinātha also mentions a particular variety of deśī-cāris called madhupacārīs. The madhupa-cārīs [e.g., Catuṣkoṇa-kuṭṭitā] have not been dealt with either by Bharata or Śārṅgadeva. Kallinatha gives a list of twenty five madhupa-cārīs, as enumerated by Kohala in his work Saṅgītameru
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on AgricultureCatuṣkoṇa (चतुष्कोण) refers to the “four corners”, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly [as the Bhagavān taught the detailed offering-manual], “[...] Four Nāga kings should be prepared in the middle of the ditch. [...] Flower garlands should be offered. Parched grain and mustard seeds should be scattered there in the middle of the [Nāga] residence. Having scattered flowers, the Four Great Kings should be placed in the four corners (catuṣkoṇa—caturṣu koṇeṣu catvāro). Buddha images with relics, and caityas with relics should be placed in the four directions. [...]”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: MDPI Books: The Ocean of HeroesCatuṣkoṇa (चतुष्कोण) refers to a “square (shape)”, according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly, [while describing the Merit Circle (guṇacakra)]: “[...] The second [layer’s outermost] circle (the Earth Circle) [has] three lines. The third [layer’s outermost circle, viz., the Knowledge Circle, has] four lines. The fourth [layer’s outermost circle, i.e., the Body Circle] has five lines. Charnel grounds are on all [outermost circles] in order. He should make [the first, second, and third outermost circles] round in shape. [They are] understood to have grounds such as the outer [ground]. The circle with five lines (the Body Circle) is square (catuṣkoṇa) [in shape] and is resplendent. [...]”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarycatuṣkōṇa (चतुष्कोण).—a (S) Quadrangular, four-cornered.
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catuṣkōṇa (चतुष्कोण).—m (S) A tetragon or square.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishcatuṣkōṇa (चतुष्कोण).—a Quadrangular, four-corner- ed. m A tetragon or square.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryCatuṣkoṇa (चतुष्कोण).—(catuṣkoṇa) a. square, quadrangular.
-ṇaḥ a square, tetragon, any quadrilateral figure.
Catuṣkoṇa is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms catur and koṇa (कोण).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryCatuṣkoṇa (चतुष्कोण).—mfn.
(-ṇaḥ-ṇā-ṇaṃ) Square, quadrangular. m.
(-ṇaḥ) A square, a tetragon. E. catur. and koṇa a corner.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Catuṣkoṇa (चतुष्कोण):—[=catuṣ-koṇa] [from catuṣ > catasṛ] mfn. quadrangular, [Sūryaprajñapti; Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi i, 8, 498a/b]
2) [v.s. ...] mn. a tetragon, 11, 617.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryCatuṣkoṇa (चतुष्कोण):—[catu-ṣkoṇa] (ṇaḥ-ṇā-ṇaṃ) a. Quadrangular.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Catuṣkoṇa (चतुष्कोण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Cāukkoṇa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Pali-English dictionary
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryCatukoṇa four cornered, crossed, in °raccha cross road PvA. 24;
[Pali to Burmese]
Source: Sutta: Tipiṭaka Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary (တိပိဋက-ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန်)1) catukkoṇa—
(Burmese text): ၄-ထောင့်ရှိသော (လမ်းဆုံ,လမ်း)။
(Auto-Translation): Four-cornered (intersection, road).
2) catukoṇa—
(Burmese text): ၄-ထောင့်။
(Auto-Translation): Square.
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusCatuṣkōṇa (ಚತುಷ್ಕೋಣ):—
1) [noun] (pl. with ಗಳು [galu]) the four corners (as of a building).
2) [noun] a plane geometrical figure with four angles (bound by four sides).
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Catur, Catuh, Kona, Catu.
Starts with: Catushkonakuttita.
Full-text: Samacatushkona, Vishamacatutkona, Catushkonakuttita, Vajracatushkona, Caukkona, Catukkonaraccha, Square, Kanna, Carin.
Relevant text
Search found 9 books and stories containing Catushkona, Catu-kona, Catu-koṇa, Catuh-kona, Catuḥ-koṇa, Catuḥkoṇa, Catuhkona, Catukkona, Catukkoṇa, Catukona, Catukoṇa, Catur-koṇa, Catur-kona, Catuṣ-koṇa, Catus-kona, Catush-kona, Catuṣkoṇa, Catuṣkōṇa, Catuskona; (plurals include: Catushkonas, konas, koṇas, Catuḥkoṇas, Catuhkonas, Catukkonas, Catukkoṇas, Catukonas, Catukoṇas, Catuṣkoṇas, Catuṣkōṇas, Catuskonas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts, Madras (by M. Seshagiri Sastri)
Page 62 < [Volume 26 (1927)]
Architectural data in the Puranas (by Sharda Devi)
Erection and Plan of Mandapas < [Chapter 3 - Temples]
The different types of Temples < [Chapter 3 - Temples]
Shat-cakra-nirupana (the six bodily centres) (by Arthur Avalon)
Verse 5 < [Section 1]
Brihat Samhita (by N. Chidambaram Iyer)
Vishnudharmottara Purana (Art and Architecture) (by Bhagyashree Sarma)
4. The Viṣṇudharmottara-purāṇa and Temple Architecture of India < [Chapter 6 - Modern Relevance of Different Art Forms and Architecture]
Hevajra Tantra (analytical study) (by Seung Ho Nam)
1.4. Mandala as a representation of an Enlightened Mind < [Chapter 4 - Tantric Cult in Hevajra Tantra]