Catushka, Catuṣka: 17 definitions
Introduction:
Catushka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Catuṣka can be transliterated into English as Catuska or Catushka, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Chatushka.
In Hinduism
Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstraCatuṣka (चतुष्क) or Catuṣkakakaraṇa, also known as Ogha refers to one of the six karaṇas, comprising a set of rules used in the playing of drums (puṣkara) [with reference to Mṛdaṅga, Paṇava and Dardura] according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 33.
Accordingly, “Catuṣka is playing of all the instruments in slow tempo to produce sonant syllables. Example.—tham kiti mam rhi hi kiṭi ghiṅ ghaṇdāṇam ghoṇḍa ghoṇa ghoṇr ghaṭa ghaṭa ghaṭa gheṅ gham ghe viriṇi ṇr ge ham tho tathan ghe”.
Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).
Kavya (poetry)
Source: archive.org: Naisadhacarita of SriharsaCatuṣka (चतुष्क) refers to “ornamental designs”, and is mentioned in the Naiṣadha-carita 5.19. Catuṣka refers to ornamental designs of various shapes (lotus blossoms, Svastikas etc.) painted on floors,m altars and the like. [...] The word occurs in Tilakamañjarī; in Candraprabhacarita 7.92; in Vatsarāja’s Hāsyacūḍāmaṇi; in Rūpakaṣaṭka (p. 132); in Sādhanamālā (Vol. 1, p. 130).
Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramCatuṣka (चतुष्क) refers to the “group of four”, according to the Ṣaṭsāhasrasaṃhitā, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “Linked to the Siddhakrama (i.e. the vowels) and possessing the line of teachers, one should deposit this group of four [i.e., catuṣka—catuṣkedaṃ] by means of the vision of knowledge. This is the Kulākula body, supreme and common to all things. It is said to be the body of the parts (padadeha) of the planes (pada) of the enjoyment of the parts”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Vastushastra (architecture)
Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (vastu)Catuṣka (चतुष्क) or Catuṣkaka refers to one of the hundred types of Temples (in ancient Indian architecture), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—It is quite difficult to say about a definite number of varieties of Hindu temples but in the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa hundred varieties of temples have been enumerated. For example, Catuṣkaka. These temples are classified according to the particular shape, amount of storeys and other common elements, such as the number of pavilions, doors and roofs.
Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)
Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha ChikitsaCatuṣka (चतुष्क) refers to the “four products (of cow)”, according to the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—A number of different permutation and combination of herbs are prescribed as Lepa and Pāna for removing the poison of Maṇḍalī snakes.—According to the Kāśyapasaṃhitā verse 9.86: “Turmeric, Yaṣṭi, Triphalā (Harītakī, Vibhītaki and Āmalakī) in equal measure), mixed with milk of Snuhī and four products of cow (gavya-catuṣka) along with Brāhmī juice and ghee is a potent queller of Maṇḍalī poison”.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarycatuṣka (चतुष्क).—n S catuṣṭaya n S An aggregate of four. Numerous learned terms, expressing Aggregate or assemblage, are formed with these words, esp. with the latter; as antaḥkaraṇacatuṣṭaya, anubandhaca0, avasthāca0, āśramaca0, upāyaca0, padaca0, puruṣārthaca0, pramāṇaca0, yōnica0, varṇaca0, vākaca0, vyūhaca0, samudra- ca0, sādhanaca0, sēnāṅgaca0. Such formations, expressing actual classifications of objects or of departments of mental contemplation, are valuable, and will appear in order.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishcatuṣka (चतुष्क).—n catuṣṭaya n An aggregate of four.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryCatuṣka (चतुष्क).—a. [caturavayavaṃ catvāro'vayavā yasya vā kan]
1) Consisting of four.
2) Increased by four; द्विकं त्रिकं चतुष्कं च पञ्चकं च शतं समम् (dvikaṃ trikaṃ catuṣkaṃ ca pañcakaṃ ca śataṃ samam) Manusmṛti 8.142 (i. e. 12, 13, 14, or 15, or interest at the rate of 2 to 5 percent).
-ṣkam 1 The number 'four'.
2) A collection of four.
3) cross-way
4) A quadrangular courtyard.
5) A hall resting on (four) pillars, a hall or saloon in general; Kumārasambhava 5.68, 7.9.
6) A necklace of four strings.
7) A stand or a seat with four feet (Mar. cauraṃga); चतुष्कैर्मञ्चकैश्चापि (catuṣkairmañcakaiścāpi) ... Śiva. B.22.62.
-ṣkī 1 A large four sided pond.
2) A mosquito curtain.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryCatuṣka (चतुष्क).—mfn.
(-ṣkaḥ-ṣkā-ṣkaṃ) Four. f. (-ṣkī) 1. A large four-sided pond or tank. 2. A bed or musquito ourtain. 3. A necklace of four strings. E. catur four, kan affix, and ra is changed to ṣa. caturavayavaṃ catvāro'vayavā yasya vā kan .
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryCatuṣka (चतुष्क).—i. e. catur + ka, I. adj. with śatam, Four in the hundred, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 142. Ii. n. 1. A collection of four things, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 7, 50. 2. A hall supported by four columns, [Kumārasaṃbhava, (ed. Stenzler.)] 5, 68.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryCatuṣka (चतुष्क).—[adjective] consisting of four or increased by four; [neuter] = seq. [neuter], also a kind of hall or square.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Catuṣka (चतुष्क):—[from catasṛ] a mfn. consisting of 4 [Lāṭyāyana; Ṛgveda-prātiśākhya; Śulba-sūtra; Suśruta]
2) [v.s. ...] (with śata, 100) + 4 (id est.4 percent.), [Manu-smṛti viii, 142; Bījagaṇita]
3) [v.s. ...] m. any sign (as the Svastika) having 4 marks, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] Name of a man, [Rājataraṅgiṇī viii, 2849; 2859; 2911; 2931]
5) [v.s. ...] n. a set of 4, collection of 4 [Manu-smṛti vii, 50; Yājñavalkya iii, 99; Mahābhārata xii, 12706] (or = aṃśayoḥ kaṭyoś cāntarāla [Scholiast or Commentator]), [Mṛcchakaṭikā ix, 12; Śrutabodha]
6) [v.s. ...] = -veśman, [Kumāra-sambhava v, 68; vii, 9]
7) [v.s. ...] n. a quadrangular courtyard (used for receiving guests), [Pañcatantra] (ifc. f(ā). ), [Prasannarāghava iii, 6; Pañcadaṇḍacchattra-prabandha]
8) [v.s. ...] n. a crossway, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] a necklace of 4 strings, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) b etc. See [column]1.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryCatuṣka (चतुष्क):—[(ṣkaḥ-ṣkā-ṣkī-ṣkaṃ) a.] Four. 3. f. A large four-sided pond or tank; a bed or mosquito curtain; a necklace of four strings.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Catuṣka (चतुष्क) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Caukka.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusCatuṣka (ಚತುಷ್ಕ):—
1) [noun] an aggregate of four things, persons, animals, etc.
2) [noun] the central space of a building, usu. without a roof.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Catuhkala, Catushkaka, Catushkandika, Catushkanipata, Catushkara, Catushkarna, Catushkarnata, Catushkarnataya, Catushkarni, Catushkarsha, Catushkashaya, Catushkashayam, Catushkashtham, Catushkaveshman, Catutkaparda, Catutkarin.
Ends with: Ahashcatushka, Ahoratracatushka, Annapanacatushka, Bheshajacatushka, Dashacatushka, Dinacatushka, Gavyacatushka, Harivamshacatushka, Kramacatushka, Niraddeshacatushka, Pithacatushka, Ratracatushka, Rogacatushka, Svahacatushka, Svasthyacatushka, Upakalpanacatushka, Varnacatushka, Vasaracatushka, Yojanacatushka.
Full-text (+7): Caukka, Catushkaveshman, Catushkika, Dashacatushka, Catuhka, Catutkam, Satatyacatushkatika, Kutacatukkam, Harivamshacatushka, Catushkin, Catuhpa, Catushki, Annapana, Cavukkam, Upakalpana, Roga, Bheshaja, Svasthya, Yojana, Niraddesha.
Relevant text
Search found 10 books and stories containing Catushka, Catuṣka, Catuska; (plurals include: Catushkas, Catuṣkas, Catuskas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 2.1.350 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]
Verse 2.1.347 < [Part 1 - Ecstatic Excitants (vibhāva)]
Verse 3.3.100 < [Part 3 - Fraternal Devotion (sakhya-rasa)]
Brihad Bhagavatamrita (commentary) (by Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyana Gosvāmī Mahārāja)
Appendix: The Ten-syllable mantra
Verse 2.1.35-37 < [Chapter 1 - Vairāgya (renunciation)]
Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita (by Nayana Sharma)
The Saṃhitās (Introduction) < [Chapter 1]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 8.142 < [Section XXV - Rates of Interest]
Yajnavalkya-smriti (Vyavaharadhyaya)—Critical study (by Kalita Nabanita)
Chapter 3.2 - Caste System (Introduction) < [Chapter 3 - The Social Aspect Depicted in the Vyavahārādhyāya]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 2.9 < [Chapter 2 - The Natures of Words (śabda)]