Yoga-sutras (Ancient and Modern Interpretations)
by Makarand Gopal Newalkar | 2017 | 82,851 words | ISBN-13: 9780893890926
Yoga-sutras 3.13, English translation with modern and ancient interpretation. The Patanjali Yogasutras describe an ancient Indian tradition spanning over 5000 years old dealing with Yoga:—Meditating the mind on the Atma leading to the realization of self. This study interprets the Yogasutras in light of both ancient and modern commentaries (e.g., Vyasa and Osho) while supporting both Sankhya and Vedanta philosophies.
Sūtra 3.13
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of sūtra 3.13:
एतेन भूतेन्द्रियेषु धर्मलक्षणावस्थापरिणामा व्याख्याताः ॥ ३.१३ ॥
etena bhūtendriyeṣu dharmalakṣaṇāvasthāpariṇāmā vyākhyātāḥ || 3.13 ||
(13) By these are explained the three changes, viz. of essential attributes or characteristics, of temporal characters, and of state of the bhūtas and the indriyas (i.e. all knowable phenomena).
Ancient and Modern interpretation:
Vyāsa says{GL_NOTE::}, the above mentioned three pariṇāmas take place in bhūtas and indriyas (i.e. objective world and the organs).
Osho says[2]
“everything is changing, world is changing, if you keep watching same, you will be frustrated. So, move within and be firm”.
By what has been said in last four sūtras, the property, character and condition transformations in the elements and sense organs are also explained.
With union of puruṣa with prakṛti, prakṛti starts evolving and as per chart in chapter I (page 27) evolutes are generated. Since prakṛti has all three guṇas, all these 24 evolutes also are made up of triguṇas. So, all the matter of internal and external world, are made up of triguṇas, as they are evolved from these 24 evolutes. That is why the laws of mutations / changes occuing in them are same. In a nutshell, since prakṛti is the root cause all manifestations of inner and external universe, the changes occurring in matter and consciousness are of similar nature; but they are manifesting at different levels / states and hence are governed by manifested state.
Every object in this universe has property, charactristics and conditional transformation, e.g. property of gold is metal, its characteristics depends on the form and shape of ornament and its avasthā is the age of ornament.
According to Patañjali, the mutations occurring in these objects are governed by the three pariṇāmas mentioned in the earler sūtra, but the only stable part of this is dharmī.
Footnotes and references:
[2]:
Osho, op.cit., p.78