Verse 3.14.446

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.446:

अतिङ्ग्रहणमेवं तु समासस्य निवर्तकम् ।
गमनं कारकस्येति ण्वुल्यन्यस्मिन्न संभवेत् ॥ ४४६ ॥

atiṅgrahaṇamevaṃ tu samāsasya nivartakam |
gamanaṃ kārakasyeti ṇvulyanyasminna saṃbhavet || 446 ||

446. Thus the mention of the word atiṅ (P. 2.2.19.) is meant to prevent the compounding of expressions like gamanaṃ kārakasya (P. 3.3.10.). As to the suffix ṇvul taught elsewhere (P. 3.1.133), there is no possibility of compounding there.

Commentary

[It is now shown that according to the author of the vārttikas also, the suffixes tumun and ṇvul can be used in association with a word ending in a suffix like ghañ. When the purpose of the exclusion denoted by the word atiṅ in P. 2.2.19. is questioned, considering that the two words sup and supā from previous sūtras are present in this sūtra, kātyāyana points out that the prohibition relates to nouns whose meaning is similar to that of verbs, in other words, to nouns which denote an action.

When the neighbouring connected word (upapada) is expressive of action, it cannot be compounded with what is connected with it semantically. That is why there cannot be a compound of the following pairs of words: kārakasya gatiḥ, kārakasya gamanam, kārakasya vrajyā. In these expressions, the neighbouring words gatiḥ, gamanam and vrajyā express action and so they cannot be compounded with a word ending in the suffix ṇvul.

Thus it has been shown that words ending in a kṛtya suffix or in ghañ etc. can express action and can end in the third caseaffix and thus support the prakṛtyarthaviśeṣaṇapakṣa.]

If such words can express action and take the third case-affix, why does the author of the M. Bhā. first say that all words mean normally a combination of qualities but that sometimes they may stand for a part of them only. So a word like brāhmaṇa normally means a combination of the three qualities: austerity (tapas), learning (śrutam) and birth (yoniḥ), but sometimes may stand only for just one quality like learning, or a particular mode of study. On this basis, the word kriyā in P.5.1.115 has been connected with the word tena in the same and interpreted to mean: “if the word ending in the third case-affix means action.” In other words, the words kriyā has been interpreted as a qualifier of the meaning of the stem. Why this has been done is now stated.