Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana
by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words
Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...
Text 10.107
निर्मलं त्वन्-मुखं राधे जयतीन्दुं स-लाञ्छनम्. अत्र यथेव-तुल्यादि-शब्दाभावाद् आक्षिप्तं साम्यम्. एषु त्रिषु भेदेष्व् अकलङ्कत्व-कलङ्कित्वयोर् गुणादि-शालित्व-निर्गुणत्वयोर् निर्मलत्व-सलाञ्छनत्वयोर् हेत्वोर् युगपद् उक्तिः. अनयोः क्रमेण युगपद् वानुक्ताव् अन्येऽपि त्रयस् त्रिकाः प्रकाराः सम्भवन्तीति द्वादश भेदाः.
nirmalaṃ tvan-mukhaṃ rādhe jayatīnduṃ sa-lāñchanam. atra yatheva-tulyādi-śabdābhāvād ākṣiptaṃ sāmyam. eṣu triṣu bhedeṣv akalaṅkatva-kalaṅkitvayor guṇādi-śālitva-nirguṇatvayor nirmalatva-salāñchanatvayor hetvor yugapad uktiḥ. anayoḥ krameṇa yugapad vānuktāv anye'pi trayas trikāḥ prakārāḥ sambhavantīti dvādaśa bhedāḥ.
“O Rādhā, Your immaculate face defeats the splotched moon.” Here the contrast is implied because no word such as yathā, iva, and tulya is used.
In these three examples, both reasons were stated. In the first one, Her face is spotless and the moon is spotted, in the second one, She abounds in qualities and the others have no qualities, and in this one Her face is immaculate and the moon is splotched.
Of the two reasons, either only one is mentioned or neither is mentioned, thus three more varieties are possible. Each one of the four kinds is threefold for a total of twelve varieties.
Commentary:
There are many ways of expressing an implied vyatireka. This is another example:
aruṇam api vidruma-drumaṃ mṛdulataraṃ cāpi kisalayaṃ bāle |
adharī-karoti nitarāṃ tavādharo madhurimātiśayāt ||“Girl, your lower lip is so called because it lowers other things. On account of its intense sweetness, it forever belittles the vidruma tree, though it is red, and even new leaves, though they are very soft” (Rasa-gaṅgādhara, KM p. 357).
Jagannātha shows a verse where neither the upameya’s superiority, the upamāna’s inferiority, nor a common attribute is stated:
aśītalograś caṇḍāṃśur anugra-śiśiraḥ śaśī |
ugra-śītas tvam eko’si rājan kopa-prasādayoḥ ||“The sun is fierce, not cool. The moon is cool, not fierce. Only you, O king, are both fierce, in anger, and cool, in serenity” (Rasa-gaṅgādhara, KM p. 351).