Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 6.4.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

निति॑क्ति॒ यो वा॑र॒णमन्न॒मत्ति॑ वा॒युर्न राष्ट्र्यत्ये॑त्य॒क्तून् । तु॒र्याम॒ यस्त॑ आ॒दिशा॒मरा॑ती॒रत्यो॒ न ह्रुत॒: पत॑तः परि॒ह्रुत् ॥
नितिक्ति यो वारणमन्नमत्ति वायुर्न राष्ट्र्यत्येत्यक्तून् । तुर्याम यस्त आदिशामरातीरत्यो न ह्रुतः पततः परिह्रुत् ॥
nitikti yo vāraṇam annam atti vāyur na rāṣṭry aty ety aktūn | turyāma yas ta ādiśām arātīr atyo na hrutaḥ patataḥ parihrut ||

English translation:

“He who whets his (gloom) dispersing (radiance), who eats the (offered) oblation, a soverign like vāyu, overcomes the nights; may we prevail (over him) who is not a donor of the oblations that are due; (Agni), to you, and do you, (swift) as a horse be the destroyer of the foes assailing (us).”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): bharadvājo bārhaspatyaḥ [bharadvāja bārhaspatya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

निऽति॑क्ति । यः । वा॒र॒नम् । अन्न॑म् । अत्ति॑ । वा॒युः । न । राष्ट्री॑ । अति॑ । ए॒ति॒ । अ॒क्तून् । तु॒र्यामः॑ । यः । ते॒ । आ॒ऽदिशा॑म् । अरा॑तीः । अत्यः॑ । न । ह्रुतः॑ । पत॑तः । प॒रि॒ऽह्रुत् ॥
नितिक्ति । यः । वारनम् । अन्नम् । अत्ति । वायुः । न । राष्ट्री । अति । एति । अक्तून् । तुर्यामः । यः । ते । आदिशाम् । अरातीः । अत्यः । न । ह्रुतः । पततः । परिह्रुत् ॥
ni-tikti | yaḥ | vāranam | annam | atti | vāyuḥ | na | rāṣṭrī | ati | eti | aktūn | tuyārmaḥ | yaḥ | te | ādiśām | arātīḥ | atyaḥ | na | hrutaḥ | patataḥ | pari-hrut

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 6.4.5 English analysis of grammar]

nitikti

[adverb]

yo < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

vāraṇam < vāraṇa

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“removing; desert.”

annam < anna

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“food; foodstuff; grain; anna [word]; eating; boiled rice; meal.”

atti < ad

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“eat; devour.”

vāyur < vāyuḥ < vāyu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“wind; Vayu; vāta; prāṇa (coll.); air; air; fart; breath; northwest; draft; vāyu [word]; Vāyu; Marut.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

rāṣṭry < rāṣṭrī < rāṣṭrin

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

aty < ati

[adverb]

“very; excessively; beyond; excessively.”

ety < eti < i

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

aktūn < aktu

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“night; dark; beam.”

turyāma < tur

[verb], plural, Present optative

yas < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

ta < te < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

ādiśām < ādiś

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“admonition.”

arātīr < arātīḥ < arāti

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“enemy; niggard.”

atyo < atyaḥ < atya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“horse; steed.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

hrutaḥ < hrut

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

patataḥ < pat

[verb noun], accusative, plural

“fall down; drop; fly; issue; fall; fall; decay; hang down; banish; throw; lodge; disappear.”

parihrut

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

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