Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.2.16
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अधा॒ यथा॑ नः पि॒तर॒: परा॑सः प्र॒त्नासो॑ अग्न ऋ॒तमा॑शुषा॒णाः । शुचीद॑य॒न्दीधि॑तिमुक्थ॒शास॒: क्षामा॑ भि॒न्दन्तो॑ अरु॒णीरप॑ व्रन् ॥
अधा यथा नः पितरः परासः प्रत्नासो अग्न ऋतमाशुषाणाः । शुचीदयन्दीधितिमुक्थशासः क्षामा भिन्दन्तो अरुणीरप व्रन् ॥
adhā yathā naḥ pitaraḥ parāsaḥ pratnāso agna ṛtam āśuṣāṇāḥ | śucīd ayan dīdhitim ukthaśāsaḥ kṣāmā bhindanto aruṇīr apa vran ||
English translation:
“Thus, Agni, our excellent and ancient forefathers, celebrators of holy sacrifice, proceeded to (the region of) pure light, and, reciting prayers and dispersing gloom, they made manifest the purple (kine).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Yajus. 19.69; proceeded to the region of pure light: śucid ayan dīdhitim dīptam sthānam tejas cāgacchan: ravi-maṇḍalam, the orb of the sun; the last phrases: may we, dividing the rays of the sun and piercing the earth (with sacrificial posts), also proceed by the path of the gods; or to heaven;
Apavran = apāvṛṇumaḥ, with the sense of the potential
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अध॑ । यथा॑ । नः॒ । पि॒तरः॑ । परा॑सः । प्र॒त्नासः॑ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । ऋ॒तम् । आ॒शु॒षा॒णाः । शुचि॑ । इत् । अ॒य॒न् । दीधि॑तिम् । उ॒क्थ॒ऽशासः । क्षामा॑ । भि॒न्दन्तः॑ । अ॒रु॒णीः । अप॑ । व्र॒न् ॥
अध । यथा । नः । पितरः । परासः । प्रत्नासः । अग्ने । ऋतम् । आशुषाणाः । शुचि । इत् । अयन् । दीधितिम् । उक्थशासः । क्षामा । भिन्दन्तः । अरुणीः । अप । व्रन् ॥
adha | yathā | naḥ | pitaraḥ | parāsaḥ | pratnāsaḥ | agne | ṛtam | āśuṣāṇāḥ | śuci | it | ayan | dīdhitim | uktha-śāsaḥ | kṣāmā | bhindantaḥ | aruṇīḥ | apa | vran
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.2.16 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“then; and; therefore; now.”
[adverb]
“equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“best; other; following; devoted(p); extreme; highest; otherwordly; better; hostile; maximal; distant; another(a); para [word]; upper; concluding; foreign; earlier; worse; longer; finest; excessive.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“age-old; pratna [word].”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“beam.”
[noun], neuter
“hymn; praise; uktha [word]; encomium.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“śās; command; ruler; commander.”
[noun], accusative, dual, feminine
“Earth; heaven and earth.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“break; incise; burst; divide; cut; cleave; destroy; cure; disturb; lance; break; distinguish; disclose; pierce; tear; separate; transgress; break open; scratch; penetrate; sever; bribe; grind; betray; fester; strike.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“dawn.”
[adverb]
“away.”
[verb], plural, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”