Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.2.15

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अधा॑ मा॒तुरु॒षस॑: स॒प्त विप्रा॒ जाये॑महि प्रथ॒मा वे॒धसो॒ नॄन् । दि॒वस्पु॒त्रा अङ्गि॑रसो भवे॒माद्रिं॑ रुजेम ध॒निनं॑ शु॒चन्त॑: ॥
अधा मातुरुषसः सप्त विप्रा जायेमहि प्रथमा वेधसो नॄन् । दिवस्पुत्रा अङ्गिरसो भवेमाद्रिं रुजेम धनिनं शुचन्तः ॥
adhā mātur uṣasaḥ sapta viprā jāyemahi prathamā vedhaso nṝn | divas putrā aṅgiraso bhavemādriṃ rujema dhaninaṃ śucantaḥ ||

English translation:

“May we seven priests first in order engender from the material drawn the worshippers of the creator (Agni); may we Aṅgirasas be the sons of heaven, and, radiant, divide the wealth-continuing mountain.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

May we, Aṅgirasas, be the sons of heaven: divasputrā aṅgiraso bhavena, or, may we, the sons of heaven be Aṅgirasas; or, bhūtimantaḥ, possessed of superior power. The Aṅgirasas are the sons of A-ditya, aṅgirasām ādityaputratvam āmnāgyate; the text is: tasya yad retaḥ prathamam udadipyata tad asau ādityo abhavat, ityupakramya ye aṅgārā asanste aṅgiraso abhavan, that which was his seed was first manifested as Āditya, thence, in succession, those which were the cinders became the Aṅgirasas; wealth-containing mountain: ādrim rujema dhaninam, may allude to the rock in which the cows were hidden; or, adri may be rendered cloud (megha), by the disruption of which rain is made to fall

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अध॑ । मा॒तुः । उ॒षसः॑ । स॒प्त । विप्राः॑ । जाये॑महि । प्र॒थ॒माः । वे॒धसः॑ । नॄन् । दि॒वः । पु॒त्राः । अङ्गि॑रसः । भ॒वे॒म॒ । अद्रि॑म् । रु॒जे॒म॒ । ध॒निन॑म् । शु॒चन्तः॑ ॥
अध । मातुः । उषसः । सप्त । विप्राः । जायेमहि । प्रथमाः । वेधसः । नॄन् । दिवः । पुत्राः । अङ्गिरसः । भवेम । अद्रिम् । रुजेम । धनिनम् । शुचन्तः ॥
adha | mātuḥ | uṣasaḥ | sapta | viprāḥ | jāyemahi | prathamāḥ | vedhasaḥ | nṝn | divaḥ | putrāḥ | aṅgirasaḥ | bhavema | adrim | rujema | dhaninam | śucantaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.2.15 English analysis of grammar]

adhā < adha

[adverb]

“then; and; therefore; now.”

mātur < mātuḥ < mātṛ

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

uṣasaḥ < uṣas

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

sapta < saptan

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“seven; seventh.”

viprā < viprāḥ < vipra

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Brahmin; poet; singer; priest; guru; Vipra.”

jāyemahi < jan

[verb], plural, Present optative

“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

prathamā < prathamāḥ < prathama

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”

vedhaso < vedhasaḥ < vedhas

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Brahma; creator; believer [worshipper]; Vishnu.”

nṝn < nṛ

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

divas < div

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

putrā < putrāḥ < putra

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“son; putra [word]; male child; Putra; Bodhisattva.”

aṅgiraso < aṅgirasaḥ < aṅgiras

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Aṅgiras; Aṅgiras; Brahman; Atharva-Veda; aṅgiras [word]; Aṅgiras.”

bhavemādriṃ < bhavema < bhū

[verb], plural, Present optative

“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

bhavemādriṃ < adrim < adri

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

rujema < ruj

[verb], plural, Present optative

“break; bend.”

dhaninaṃ < dhaninam < dhanin

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“rich.”

śucantaḥ < śuc

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“mourn; grieve; flame; glow; burn; repent.”

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