Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.41.8

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

न यत्परो॒ नान्त॑र आद॒धर्ष॑द्वृषण्वसू । दु॒:शंसो॒ मर्त्यो॑ रि॒पुः ॥
न यत्परो नान्तर आदधर्षद्वृषण्वसू । दुःशंसो मर्त्यो रिपुः ॥
na yat paro nāntara ādadharṣad vṛṣaṇvasū | duḥśaṃso martyo ripuḥ ||

English translation:

“Showerers of wealth, (bring to us) such (riches) that the malevolent man, or foe, whether he be far off or nigh, may not take (it) away.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Whether he be far of for nigh: na yat para nāntara: para = dūrastha, being at a distance;

Antara = samīpavartī, on ebeing near; another interpretation: para = asambaddha, unconnected and antara = sambaddha, connected or related; Indra is the object: 'Indra whom may such a man not overcome -- yam indram na parabhūyat'

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): virāḍgāyatrī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

न । यत् । परः॑ । न । अन्त॑रः । आ॒ऽद॒धर्ष॑त् । वृ॒ष॒ण्व॒सू॒ इति॑ वृषण्ऽवसू । दुः॒ऽशंसः॑ । मर्त्यः॑ । रि॒पुः ॥
न । यत् । परः । न । अन्तरः । आदधर्षत् । वृषण्वसू इति वृषण्वसू । दुःशंसः । मर्त्यः । रिपुः ॥
na | yat | paraḥ | na | antaraḥ | ādadharṣat | vṛṣaṇvasūitivṛṣaṇ-vasū | duḥ-śaṃsaḥ | martyaḥ | ripuḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.41.8 English analysis of grammar]

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

yat < yad

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

paro < paras

[adverb]

“beyond; away; farther.”

nāntara < na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

nāntara < antare

[adverb]

“in.”

ādadharṣad < ādadharṣat < ādhṛṣ < √dhṛṣ

[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“overcome; suppress.”

vṛṣaṇvasū < vṛṣaṇvasu

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“affluent.”

duḥśaṃso < duḥśaṃsaḥ < duḥśaṃsa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“calumniatory; wicked.”

martyo < martyaḥ < martya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“mortal.”

ripuḥ < ripu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“enemy; arivarga; Ripu; foe.”

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