Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.11.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
शु॒भ्रं नु ते॒ शुष्मं॑ व॒र्धय॑न्तः शु॒भ्रं वज्रं॑ बा॒ह्वोर्दधा॑नाः । शु॒भ्रस्त्वमि॑न्द्र वावृधा॒नो अ॒स्मे दासी॒र्विश॒: सूर्ये॑ण सह्याः ॥
शुभ्रं नु ते शुष्मं वर्धयन्तः शुभ्रं वज्रं बाह्वोर्दधानाः । शुभ्रस्त्वमिन्द्र वावृधानो अस्मे दासीर्विशः सूर्येण सह्याः ॥
śubhraṃ nu te śuṣmaṃ vardhayantaḥ śubhraṃ vajram bāhvor dadhānāḥ | śubhras tvam indra vāvṛdhāno asme dāsīr viśaḥ sūryeṇa sahyāḥ ||
English translation:
“We are invigorating your brilliant strength (by our praises), and plural cing the thunderbolt in your hands; do you, Indra, radiant, increasing in strenght, and (encouraged) by the sun, overpower, for our (good), the servile people.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
And encouraged by the sun: dāsīr viśaḥ sūryeṇa sahyāḥ = upakṣapayitrīḥ, or āsurīḥ prajāḥ, people interrupting religious rites,or the race of asuras;
Sūryeṇa = prerakeṇa, urger, instrumental gator (used like an adjective
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛtpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
शु॒भ्रम् । नु । ते॒ । शुष्म॑म् । व॒र्धय॑न्तः । शु॒भ्रम् । वज्र॑म् । बा॒ह्वोः । दधा॑नाः । शु॒भ्रः । त्वम् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । व॒वृ॒धा॒नः । अ॒स्मे इति॑ । दासीः॑ । विशः॑ । सूर्ये॑ण । स॒ह्याः॒ ॥
शुभ्रम् । नु । ते । शुष्मम् । वर्धयन्तः । शुभ्रम् । वज्रम् । बाह्वोः । दधानाः । शुभ्रः । त्वम् । इन्द्र । ववृधानः । अस्मे इति । दासीः । विशः । सूर्येण । सह्याः ॥
śubhram | nu | te | śuṣmam | vardhayantaḥ | śubhram | vajram | bāhvoḥ | dadhānāḥ | śubhraḥ | tvam | indra | vavṛdhānaḥ | asme iti | dāsīḥ | viśaḥ | sūryeṇa | sahyāḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.11.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“white; beautiful; attractive; śubhra [word]; light.”
[adverb]
“now; already.”
[noun], genitive, singular
“you.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“vigor; energy; fire; hiss; courage.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“increase; strengthen; promote; rear; add; greet; laud.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“white; beautiful; attractive; śubhra [word]; light.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”
[noun], locative, dual, masculine
“arm; bāhu [word]; elbow; forefoot.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“white; beautiful; attractive; śubhra [word]; light.”
[noun], nominative, singular
“you.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”
[noun], dative, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“dāsa(a).”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”
[verb], singular, Aorist optative
“endure; overcome; habituate.”