Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.164.38

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अपा॒ङ्प्राङे॑ति स्व॒धया॑ गृभी॒तोऽम॑र्त्यो॒ मर्त्ये॑ना॒ सयो॑निः । ता शश्व॑न्ता विषू॒चीना॑ वि॒यन्ता॒ न्य१॒॑न्यं चि॒क्युर्न नि चि॑क्युर॒न्यम् ॥
अपाङ्प्राङेति स्वधया गृभीतोऽमर्त्यो मर्त्येना सयोनिः । ता शश्वन्ता विषूचीना वियन्ता न्यन्यं चिक्युर्न नि चिक्युरन्यम् ॥
apāṅ prāṅ eti svadhayā gṛbhīto 'martyo martyenā sayoniḥ | tā śaśvantā viṣūcīnā viyantā ny anyaṃ cikyur na ni cikyur anyam ||

English translation:

“The immortal cognate with the mortal, affected by (desire of) enjoyment, goes to the lower or the upper (sphere); but (men beholding them) associated, going everywhere (in this world together); going everywhere (in other worlds together); have comprehended the one, but have not comprehended the other.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Affected by desire or enjoyment: svadhyā gṛbhītaḥ = liṭ, seized by food; i.e., any sensual gratification; have comprehended the one: they have not distinguished between body and soul; or, they have not made any distinction between the three kinds of bodies with which soul is invested, the gross body, the subtle body, and the union of the two

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśvedevā:;
Chandas (meter): paṅktiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अपा॑ङ् । प्राङ् । ए॒ति॒ । स्व॒धया॑ । गृ॒भी॒तः । अम॑र्त्यः । मर्त्ये॑न । सऽयो॑निः । ता । शश्व॑न्ता । वि॒षू॒चीना॑ । वि॒ऽयन्ता॑ । नि । अ॒न्यम् । चि॒क्युः । न । नि । चि॒क्युः॒ । अ॒न्यम् ॥
अपाङ् । प्राङ् । एति । स्वधया । गृभीतः । अमर्त्यः । मर्त्येन । सयोनिः । ता । शश्वन्ता । विषूचीना । वियन्ता । नि । अन्यम् । चिक्युः । न । नि । चिक्युः । अन्यम् ॥
apāṅ | prāṅ | eti | svadhayā | gṛbhītaḥ | amartyaḥ | martyena | sa-yoniḥ | tā | śaśvantā | viṣūcīnā | vi-yantā | ni | anyam | cikyuḥ | na | ni | cikyuḥ | anyam

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.164.38 English analysis of grammar]

apāṅ < apāñc

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“backward; apāñc [word]; western.”

prāṅ < prāñc

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“eastern; aforesaid(a); former(a); eastbound; easterly; anterior; forward; prāñc [word].”

eti < i

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

svadhayā < svadhā

[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

“free will; offering; libation; nature; svadhā [word]; comfort; power.”

gṛbhīto < gṛbhītaḥ < grah

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“take; grasp; take out; extract; perceive; pick; assume; include; accept; understand; use; learn; possess; keep; choose; accept; afflict; suck; paralyze; mention; mistake; eat; wear; embrace; fill into; capture; eclipse; get; collect; hand down; marry; heed; touch.”

'martyo < amartyaḥ < amartya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“immortal.”

martyenā < martyena < martya

[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine

“mortal.”

sayoniḥ < sayoni

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“related.”

< tad

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

śaśvantā < śaśvat

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“all(a).”

viṣūcīnā < viṣūcīna

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

viyantā < < √i

[verb noun], nominative, dual

“disappear; differ; elapse.”

ny < ni

[adverb]

“back; down.”

anyaṃ < anyam < anya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“other; another(a); remaining; different; anya [word]; other than; more(a); fresh; any(a).”

cikyur < cikyuḥ < ci

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“observe; detect; notice; heed; mind.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

ni

[adverb]

“back; down.”

cikyur < cikyuḥ < ci

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“observe; detect; notice; heed; mind.”

anyam < anya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“other; another(a); remaining; different; anya [word]; other than; more(a); fresh; any(a).”

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