Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.140.12
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
रथा॑य॒ नाव॑मु॒त नो॑ गृ॒हाय॒ नित्या॑रित्रां प॒द्वतीं॑ रास्यग्ने । अ॒स्माकं॑ वी॒राँ उ॒त नो॑ म॒घोनो॒ जनाँ॑श्च॒ या पा॒रया॒च्छर्म॒ या च॑ ॥
रथाय नावमुत नो गृहाय नित्यारित्रां पद्वतीं रास्यग्ने । अस्माकं वीराँ उत नो मघोनो जनाँश्च या पारयाच्छर्म या च ॥
rathāya nāvam uta no gṛhāya nityāritrām padvatīṃ rāsy agne | asmākaṃ vīrām̐ uta no maghono janām̐ś ca yā pārayāc charma yā ca ||
English translation:
“Bestow, Agni, upon our exfellent patron a boat ever fitted with oars and feet, (one that may render) our posterity prosperous, and may bear mankind across (the ocean of life) to felicity.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Upon our excellent patron: rathāya no gṛhāya = lit. to our carriage-house; rathāya, an adjective for raṅhanāya, agreeable; gṛha, a house (applies to the yajamāna, as the asylum of the needy, or of the priests); a boat ever fitted: nāvam nityāritrām padvatīm; the boat is explained by yajña the sacrifice, the oars are the priests, the materials are the fuel and apparatus and the feet are the divinities, the prayers, and offerings.
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): dīrghatamā aucathyaḥ [dīrghatamas aucathya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
रथा॑य । नाव॑म् । उ॒त । नः॒ । गृ॒हाय॑ । नित्य॑ऽअरित्राम् । प॒त्ऽवती॑म् । रा॒सि॒ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । अ॒स्माक॑म् । वी॒रान् । उ॒त । नः॒ । म॒घोनः॑ । जना॑न् । च॒ । या । पा॒रया॑त् । शर्म॑ । या । च॒ ॥
रथाय । नावम् । उत । नः । गृहाय । नित्यअरित्राम् । पत्वतीम् । रासि । अग्ने । अस्माकम् । वीरान् । उत । नः । मघोनः । जनान् । च । या । पारयात् । शर्म । या । च ॥
rathāya | nāvam | uta | naḥ | gṛhāya | nitya-aritrām | pat-vatīm | rāsi | agne | asmākam | vīrān | uta | naḥ | maghonaḥ | janān | ca | yā | pārayāt | śarma | yā | ca
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.140.12 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“ship; boat; nau [word].”
[adverb]
“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], dative, singular, neuter
“house; palace; temple; home; place; family; family; stable.”
[noun]
“continuous; own(a); changeless; everlasting; continual; devoted(p); permanent; obligatory; continuing; indispensable; native; addicted; connatural; necessary; durable; ageless; invariable; biological.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“oar.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“footed.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“give; impart.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
[noun], genitive, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“big.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; then; now; even.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“rescue; keep alive; satisfy; save; resist; endure.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“protection; protective covering; refuge; joy.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[adverb]
“and; besides; then; now; even.”