Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.18.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सो॒मानं॒ स्वर॑णं कृणु॒हि ब्र॑ह्मणस्पते । क॒क्षीव॑न्तं॒ य औ॑शि॒जः ॥
सोमानं स्वरणं कृणुहि ब्रह्मणस्पते । कक्षीवन्तं य औशिजः ॥
somānaṃ svaraṇaṃ kṛṇuhi brahmaṇas pate | kakṣīvantaṃ ya auśijaḥ ||

English translation:

Brahmaṇaspati (=Agni, connected with prayer) make the offerer of the libation illustrious among the gods, like Kakṣīvat, the son of Uśij (and Dīrghatamas).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Legend: Kakṣīvat, was the son of Dīrghatamas, by Uṣij, a feminine le servant of the queen of Kaliṅga Rāja, whom her husband had desired to submit to the embraces of sage to beget a son. The queen substituted her maid Uṣij. Sage was aware of the deception, sanctified Uṣij, begot by her a son, named Kakṣīvat, who was a kṣatriya with the affiliation to Kaliṅga and was also a brāhmaṇa since he was the son of Dīrghatamas. He is also a ṛṣi: aham kaśivān ṛṣirasmi: I am the ṛṣi kakṣīvat (Nirukta.6.10)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): medhātithiḥ kāṇvaḥ [medhātithi kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): brahmaṇaspatiḥ;
Chandas (meter): virāḍgāyatrī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सो॒मान॑म् । स्वर॑णम् । कृ॒णु॒हि । ब्र॒ह्म॒णः॒ । प॒ते॒ । क॒क्षीव॑न्तम् । यः । औ॒शि॒जः ॥
सोमानम् । स्वरणम् । कृणुहि । ब्रह्मणः । पते । कक्षीवन्तम् । यः । औशिजः ॥
somānam | svaraṇam | kṛṇuhi | brahmaṇaḥ | pate | kakṣīvantam | yaḥ | auśijaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.18.1 English analysis of grammar]

somānaṃ < somānam < soman

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

svaraṇaṃ < svaraṇam < svaraṇa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

kṛṇuhi < kṛ

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

brahmaṇas < brahman

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Brahma; Brahmin; dhak; Brahman; brahman [word]; Brahman; Brahmin; Brahmapurāṇa; Vishnu; Brihaspati.”

pate < pati

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”

kakṣīvantaṃ < kakṣīvantam < kakṣīvant

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Kakṣīvant; kakṣīvant [word].”

ya < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

auśijaḥ < auśija

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Kakṣīvant.”

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