Section 45 - Karna and Shalya engage in a wordy warfare
Book index: Mahabharata (English)
This page contains a summary of the Mahabharata Section 45 including examples of moral lessons in daily life. The Maha-Bharata is one of the largest epics ever written containing roughly 100,000 Sanskrit verses. It deals with the legendary history of ancient India and contains a large number of interwoven tales.
Short summary of the chapter:
Karna and Shalya engage in a heated verbal exchange, with Karna criticizing the Vahikas and Madrakas for their lack of righteousness and moral values. Karna recounts instances where these people were condemned for their sinful practices and unvirtuous behavior. He rebukes Shalya for not upholding the duties of a king and protecting his subjects, implying that he shares in their demerits. Karna continues to insult various tribes and regions, labeling them as thieves, bastards, and fallen people, while praising others for following the eternal truths of religion.
Shalya responds by highlighting the presence of virtuous and honorable individuals in various regions and tribes, emphasizing that not all people in a country are sinful. He points out that individuals of different castes and backgrounds can be found everywhere, some surpassing even the gods in their behavior. Shalya urges Karna to let go of his anger and remember the faults attributed to him by Bhishma in the past, encouraging him to control his emotions.
King Duryodhana intervenes, calming Karna and Shalya, and persuading them to cease their argument. He addresses Karna as a friend and pleads with Shalya to maintain peace. Karna is pacified by Duryodhana's words and stops further confrontation, while Shalya turns to face the enemy. Despite the tension and disagreements between Karna and Shalya, they ultimately heed Duryodhana's request and focus on the impending battle ahead.
The interaction between Karna and Shalya reveals underlying tensions and differing perspectives on righteousness, morality, and the behavior of various tribes and regions. Karna's harsh criticism and derogatory remarks reflect his belief in the superiority of certain groups and his disdain for others. Shalya, on the other hand, emphasizes the presence of good individuals in every community and encourages Karna to show restraint and introspection. Duryodhana's intervention highlights his desire for unity and focus on the common goal of defeating the enemy, putting an end to the verbal sparring between Karna and Shalya. Thus, despite their differences, the characters come together to prepare for the upcoming battle, setting aside their personal grievances for the greater cause.
Full English translation:
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Section 45, online text
English translation by Kisari Mohan Ganguli.
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Mahabharata (English Summary)
by Kisari Mohan Ganguli | ISBN-10: 8121505933
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FAQ of Mahabharata, Section 45:
Is there a particular practice among the Vahikas that is condemned?
A brahmana traveler recounts the unrighteous practices of the Vahikas, criticizing their societal structure and lack of virtue.
What did the Rakshasa Kalmashapada reveal about different groups of people?
The Rakshasa Kalmashapada shares a hierarchy of "dirt" among various groups, including Mlecchas, oilmen, eunuchs, and more.
How are different regions and peoples described in terms of virtue and behavior?
The text describes the characteristics and behaviors of different regions and peoples, ranging from those who follow Vedic practices to those steeped in sin.
How did the conversation between Karna and Shalya ultimately end?
After a wordy exchange, Duryodhana intervened to calm Karna and Shalya, urging them to focus on facing the enemy instead.
Daily life: Karna and Shalya engage in a wordy warfare:
This story illustrates the perils of stereotyping and prejudice, showcasing how easily individuals can disparage entire communities based on the actions of a few. It reminds us that every place has its share of good and bad people and that one should not hastily judge entire populations. Karna's harsh words towards the Vahikas and other groups, and Shalya's response, highlight the importance of recognizing the virtue and vice present in all communities.
In our daily lives, this narrative urges us to approach individuals and communities with openness and understanding, rather than preconceived notions. It teaches us the value of focusing on our own flaws before critiquing others, as self-awareness leads to growth and better interpersonal relationships. Moreover, it emphasizes the significance of compassion and empathy over condemnation, urging us to offer support rather than criticism.
By adopting a mindset that seeks to find common ground and acknowledges the complexity of human behaviour, we can foster a more inclusive and tolerant society. This story serves as a reminder that embracing diversity and steering clear of broad judgments can lead to a richer, more harmonious coexistence.