Kalmashapada, Kalmāṣapāda, Kalmasha-pada: 14 definitions
Introduction:
Kalmashapada means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Kalmāṣapāda can be transliterated into English as Kalmasapada or Kalmashapada, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Wisdom Library: Bhagavata PuranaKalmāṣapāda (कल्माषपाद):—Another name for Saudāsa (son of Sudāsa). Saudāsa acquired the propensity of a “man-eater” (rākṣasa) and received on his leg a black spot, for which he was known as Kalmāṣapāda. (see Bhāgavata Purāṇa 9.9.25)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaKalmāṣapāda (कल्माषपाद).—(KALMĀṢĀṄGHRI, MITRASAHA, SAUDĀSA). A famous king of the Ikṣvāku dynasty. He wandered about in the forest as a Rākṣasa for twelve years. Genealogy. From Viṣṇu were descended in the following order—Brahmā—Marīci—Kaśyapa—Vivasvān—Vaivasvata Manu—Ikṣvāku—Vikukṣi—Śaśāda—Purañjaya—Kakutstha—Anenas—Pṛthulāśva—Prasenajit—Yuvanāśva—Māndhātā—Purukutsa—Trasadasyu—Anaraṇya—Aryaśva—Vasumanas—Sutanvā—Trayyāruṇa—Satyavrata—(Triśaṅku)—Hariścandra—Rohitāśva—Harita—Cuñcu—Śudeva—Bharuka—Bāhuka—Sagara—Asamañjasa—Aṃśumān—Bhagīratha—Śrutanābha—Sindhudvīpa—Ayutāyus—Ṛtuparṇa—Sarvakāma Sudāsa (Sudhāśana)—Mitrasaha (Kalmāṣapāda). (See full article at Story of Kalmāṣapāda from the Puranic encyclopaedia by Vettam Mani)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1a) Kalmāṣapāda (कल्माषपाद).—A king who was cursed by Śakti in Naimiṣa which resulted in the enmity between Vasisṭha and Viśvāmitra.*
- * Vāyu-purāṇa 2. 11; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa I. 2. 11.
1b) Another name is Mitrasaha. See saudāsa son of Ṛtuparṇa.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 63. 176; Matsya-purāṇa 12. 46; Vāyu-purāṇa 88. 176; Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 4. 57.
Kalmāṣapāda (कल्माषपाद) is the son of Ṛtuparṇa and grandson of Ayutāyu (or Ayutāyus), according to the Vaṃśānucarita section of the 10th century Saurapurāṇa: one of the various Upapurāṇas depicting Śaivism.—Accordingly, [...] Nabhāga gave birth to Sindhudvīpa from whom was born Ayutāyu (or Ayutāyus). Ṛtuparṇa was the son of Ayutāyu who attained the status of the Leader of Gaṇas by the grace of Lord Śiva. Kalmāṣapāda was his son. Kṣetraja Aśmaka was the son of Kalmāṣapāda
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (Abhidharma)Kalmāṣapāda (कल्माषपाद) is the name of a king who captured 99 kings but released them after listening to king Sutasoma according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter VII).—“Sutasoma praised faithfulness to one’s word: ‘The one who keeps his word is a man; he who breaks it is not a man’. He praised truth (satyavāda) in every way and disparaged falsehood (mṛṣāvāda). Listening to him, Kalmāṣapāda developed pure faith (śraddhā-viśuddhi) and said to king Sutasoma: ‘You have spoken well; in return I will release you; you are free. I grant you also the ninety-nine kings, your co-prisoners. May they return, each as he will, to their own countries’. When he had spoken thus, the hundred kings returned to their homes”.
Note: The anthropophagous Kalmāṣapāda does not have a well-defined identity. He is more familiar under the name of Kalmāṣapāda, which certain Chinese sources translate as Po tsou, Pan tsou, i.e., ‘Speckled Foot’; according to the Hien yu king, this surname was given to him because, born of a lioness, he had feet marked with spots like a lion’s fur. In his Sumaṅgalavilāsinī II, Buddhaghosa proposes another explanation: When the anthropophagous king, banished by his subjects, took flight, an acacia spine pierced his foot, and this wound left a scar like a speckled piece of wood.
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
India history and geography
Source: academia.edu: The Date of AryabhataAccording to Ramayana, Kalmashapada was the son of Raghu and became the king of Kosala. Madayanti was his queen. She gave birth to a son named Aśmaka from Vasishtha by Niyoga. Mahabharata and Puranas mention that Kalmashapada was the son of Sudasa. Thus, Ramayana, Mahabharata and Puranas indicate that Ashmaka, the son of Ikshvaku King Kalmashapada was the founder of Ashmaka Kingdom.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKalmāṣapāda (कल्माषपाद).—Name of a king (saudāsa), belonging to the solar dynasty.
Derivable forms: kalmāṣapādaḥ (कल्माषपादः).
Kalmāṣapāda is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms kalmāṣa and pāda (पाद).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryKalmāṣapāda (कल्माषपाद).—name of a yakṣa: Mahā-Māyūrī 9. (Cf. the same as name of a prince changed into a rākṣasa, in Sanskrit and in Jātakamālā 209.9).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryKalmāṣapāda (कल्माषपाद).—m.
(-daḥ) The name of a king, also Saudassa; transformed to a Rakshasa by Vasishtha. E. kalmāṣa, and pāda a foot.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryKalmāṣapāda (कल्माषपाद).—[kalmāṣa-pāda], m. A proper name, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 70, 39.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Kalmāṣapāda (कल्माषपाद):—[=kalmāṣa-pāda] [from kalmāṣa] mfn. having speckled feet, [Rāmāyaṇa]
2) [v.s. ...] m. Name of a king of Saudāsa (descendant of Ikṣvāku transformed to a Rākṣasa by Vasiṣṭha), [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa; Harivaṃśa; Viṣṇu-purāṇa]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryKalmāṣapāda (कल्माषपाद):—[kalmāṣa-pāda] (daḥ) 1. m. Name of a king.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Kalmasha, Pada, Pata.
Starts with: Kalmashapadacarita.
Full-text (+11): Madayanti, Saudasa, Mitrasaha, Kalmashanghri, Ashmaka, Sudasa, Kalmashapadacarita, Sarvakarman, Mitrasakha, Sutasoma, Angirasi, Shankhana, Rakshasayajna, Kimkara, Kalmashadamya, Pravriddha, Rituparna, Khatvanga, Dasharatha, Ayodhya.
Relevant text
Search found 21 books and stories containing Kalmashapada, Kalmāṣa-pāda, Kalmasa-pada, Kalmāṣapāda, Kalmasapada, Kalmasha-pada; (plurals include: Kalmashapadas, pādas, padas, Kalmāṣapādas, Kalmasapadas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Section CLXXXIV < [Caitraratha Parva]
Section CLXXVIII < [Caitraratha Parva]
Section CLXXXIII < [Caitraratha Parva]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra (by Gelongma Karma Migme Chödrön)
Mahāsutasoma-jātaka (story of Sutasoma and Kalmāṣapāda) < [Part 4 - The Bodhisattva in the Abhidharma system]
3. The six virtues (pāramitā) < [Part 4 - The Bodhisattva in the Abhidharma system]
The Linga Purana (by J. L. Shastri)
Chapter 66 - The narrative of Yayāti < [Section 1 - Uttarabhāga]
Chapter 64 - Grant of boons by Pulastya < [Section 1 - Uttarabhāga]
Soudasa < [Fourth Section]
Ramayana of Valmiki (by Hari Prasad Shastri)
Chapter 110 - Vasishtha calls upon Rama to return < [Book 2 - Ayodhya-kanda]
Chapter 65 - The Story of Saudasa who is cursed by the Sage Vasishtha < [Book 7 - Uttara-kanda]
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