Vratin, Vratī, Vrati: 20 definitions
Introduction:
Vratin means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Vratin (व्रतिन्) is used as an epithet for Śiva, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.2.41.—Accordingly, as Viṣṇu and others eulogized Śiva:—“[...] obeisance to Vāma, Vāmarūpa, Vāmanetra, Aghora, the great lord and the Vikaṭa. Obeisance to Tatpuruṣa, to Nātha, the ancient Puruṣa, the bestower of the four aims of life, Vratin, and Parameṣṭhin. Obeisance to you, Īśānas, Īśvara, Brahman, of the form of Brahman, the Supreme Soul”.
Vratī (व्रती).—A sham heretic.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 14. 41.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Vratin (व्रतिन्) refers to “one who observes vows”, according tot the Mṛgendrāgama (Caryāpāda) verse 2-3, 8-10, in the section on expiation (prāyaścitta).—Accordingly, “The teacher, the adept (Sādhaka who repeats) mantra (mantravṛtti), the (spiritual) son and (ordinary) follower of the Rule (samayin) are the four kinds of Śaivas and these may either observe vows (vratin) or not (avratin). Those who observe vows may have matted hair (jaṭila) or shaved heads (muṇḍa). Amongst them, Brahmins are white with ashes and (the others according to their) caste are adorned (if they are Kṣatriyas) with a single sectarian mark (tilaka), (a triple) line of ash (if they are Vaiśyas) and (thick bands of ash in the shape of strips of) cloth (if they are Śūdras)”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Vratin (व्रतिन्) refers to “followers of an observance”, according to the Svacchandatantra 11.182-184.—Accordingly, “It is called Atimārga because it is beyond the mental dispositions. It is taught as ‘atimārga’ because the doctrine is beyond the worlds. And the lokas are designated ‘bound souls’, in the cycle of birth and death. They who are established in the atimārga, [that is to say] the followers of the observance of the skull (kapāla-vratin) and the Pāśupatas, they are to be known as beyond them. There is no rebirth for them and they abide in [the reality of] Īśvara, in [the world of] Dhruva”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)
Vratin (व्रतिन्) refers to a subdivision of the Ggṛhastha group of initiates, as discussed in chapter 5 of the Brahmarātra section of the Sanatkumārasaṃhitā: an encyclopedic Sanskrit text written in over 3500 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as yoga, temple-building, consecration ceremonies, initiation and dhanurveda (martial arts).—Description of the chapter [varṇa-ācāra-vidhi]: Sanatkumāra says that only five groups [Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas and Śūdras and Sūtas] are eligible for dīkṣā-initiation. Those who were initiated by cakramaṇḍala means are further generally distinguished according to one or another of the āśrama-stages. The initiates who are known as Ggṛhasthas have four subdivisions, namely: Vratins, Ggṛhasthas, Āḍhyas, and Ācāryas .
Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Vratin (व्रतिन्) refers to “one who observes a vow”, according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly, “[...] [He should meditate on] moistures of pleasure of wisdom and means in all junctures throughout the body. He should visualize [himself (Heruka)] being splendorous with fires, [which assume the shape of] various [forms of] Heruka. The vow-observer (vratin) should give turbans to the heads of all [Herukas] . [...]”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Vrati (व्रति, “votary”) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 7.18, “The votary is free from stings”. Who is called a votary (vrati)? The one who observes vows and is free from thorns or stings (śalya) is called a votary. What is meant by stings? An entity which causes misery to the soul like thorn to the body is called sting. How many types of stings are there? Stings are of three types namely deceit, perverted faith and ‘desire for enjoyment of pleasure’.
According to the Tattvārthasūtra 7.19, can we call a person who observes only one of the vows as a votary (vrati)? No, as a votary is one who practises all the five vows partially or completely.
Vratin (व्रतिन्) refers to “mendicants”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “On account of the difference between what is intentional and unintentional [com.—intentional (sakāmā) is for those who have subdued their senses (yamināṃ), for mendicants (vratināṃ); the other [kind], which is unintentional (akāma), is for all embodied souls (sarvadehinām)], wearing away karma has two varieties which are the cause for cutting off the many chains produced by actions. Just as fruits of a tree ripen of their own accord and from [different] means so in this world [the ripening] of karmas is to be understood as [being] of its own accord in the form of [different] means”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Vratī (व्रती).—a That is holding some reli- gious observance.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Vratin (व्रतिन्).—a. Observing a vow, practising penance, devout, pious; नायज्वभिर्नाव्रतिकैः (nāyajvabhirnāvratikaiḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 3.43.5; व्रतिनः पापशीलानामसतीनां कुलस्त्रियः (vratinaḥ pāpaśīlānāmasatīnāṃ kulastriyaḥ) (dveṣyāḥ) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1.416. -m.
1) A religious student; भैक्षेण वर्तयेन्नित्यं नैकान्नादी भवेद् व्रती । भैक्षेण व्रतिनो वृत्तिरुपवाससमा स्मृता (bhaikṣeṇa vartayennityaṃ naikānnādī bhaved vratī | bhaikṣeṇa vratino vṛttirupavāsasamā smṛtā) || Manusmṛti 2.188.
2) An ascetic, a devotee; किं तावद् व्रतिनामुपोढतपसां विघ्नैस्तपो दूषितम् (kiṃ tāvad vratināmupoḍhatapasāṃ vighnaistapo dūṣitam) Ś.5. 9.
3) One who institutes a sacrifice; cf. यजमान (yajamāna).
See also (synonyms): vratika.
Vratin (व्रतिन्).—mfn. (-tī-tinī-ti) Engaged in or observing a religious vow or obligation. m. (-tī) 1. An employer of priests. 2. An ascetic, a devotee, one engaged in the observance of a vow or penance. 3. The religious student. E. vrata a vow, ini aff.
Vratin (व्रतिन्).—i. e. vrata + in, I. adj. Engaged in a religious vow or obligation, pious, [Pañcatantra] i. [distich] 467. Ii. m. 1. An employer of priests. 2. An ascetic. 3. A religious student, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 2, 189; 4, 91; 11, 121.
Vratin (व्रतिन्).—[adjective] = vratavant, also observing, honouring, behaving like (—°).
1) Vratin (व्रतिन्):—[from vrata] mfn. observing a vow, engaged in a religious observance etc., [Taittirīya-saṃhitā; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Kauśika-sūtra] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] (ifc.) engaged in, worshipping, behaving like, [Mahābhārata; Bhāgavata-purāṇa]
3) [v.s. ...] m. an ascetic, devotee, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]
4) [v.s. ...] a religious student, [ib.]
5) [v.s. ...] one who institutes a sacrifice and employs priests (= yajamāna), [ib.]
6) [v.s. ...] Name of a Muni, [Catalogue(s)]
Vratin (व्रतिन्):—[(tī-tinī-ti) m.] An employer of priests; a devotee, a religious student.
Vratin (व्रतिन्):—(wie eben)
1) adj. in Erfüllung einer Observanz u. s. w. begriffen, = yati u.s.w. [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 76, v. l.] [Halāyudha.2,189. 254.] [Oxforder Handschriften 186,b,28.] = ādeṣṭādhvare [Amarakoṣa 2, 7, 7.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 817.] [Halāyudha 2, 265. -] [Taittirīyasaṃhitā 1, 3, 4, 3.] [Kauśika’s Sūtra zum Atuarvaveda 82.] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 2, 188. 5, 91. 99. 11, 121. 224.] [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 3, 15. 28.] [Mahābhārata 1, 5120. 13, 440. 4573.] [Harivaṃśa 2078] [?(fem.). Rāmāyaṇa Gorresio 2, 3, 23. 5, 22, 26. Śākuntala 106. Spr. 2223. Kathāsaritsāgara 26, 202. 37, 68. Rājataraṅgiṇī 1, 233. 2, 49. 4,518. WEBER, KṚṢṆAJ. 228. 309. PAÑCAR. 1, 9, 26.] vratino jaṭā [Amarakoṣa 2, 6, 2, 48.] [Halāyudha 2, 377.] vratināmāsanam [Amarakoṣa 2, 7, 45.] daṇḍaḥ [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 117.] [Halāyudha 2, 256.] sthānam [143.] veśma [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 994.] a [Mahābhārata 13, 1601.] [Rāmāyaṇa] [Gorresio 1, 13, 8.] upasadbratin [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 14, 9, 3, 2.] pāśupata [Rājataraṅgiṇī 3, 267.] ārya so v. a. sich wie ein Ārya benehmend [Mahābhārata 7, 643.] atithi Gastfreundschaft übend [3, 15408.] mithuna obliegend [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 9, 6, 51.] īśa verehrend ebend. —
2) m. Nomen proprium eines Muni [Oxforder Handschriften 80,a,12.] — Vgl. go, deva, baka, bhrāṣṭra, mahā (in der ersten Bed. auch [Kathāsaritsāgara 25, 81. 26, 196. 43, 175]), mūla, mauna, rāma .
Vratin (व्रतिन्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Vai.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Vratī (व्रती):—(a and nm) (one who is) observing a fast/vow, one who takes a pledge; engaged in religious observance.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Vrati (ವ್ರತಿ):—
1) [noun] a person observing strictly some moral, ethical principles.
2) [noun] a person observing a vow, engaged in a religious or pious observance.
3) [noun] a person who leads a life of contemplation and rigorous self-denial for religious purposes; an ascetic.
4) [noun] a person who is engaged in a religious sacrifice.
5) [noun] a jaina monk.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
Nepali dictionary
Vratī (व्रती):—adj. observing a vow; practicing penance; devout; pious;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+0): Vratina, Vratini.
Full-text (+90): Mahavrati, Mahavratin, Aplavavratin, Baidalavrati, Aplutavratin, Goshringavratin, Bakavrati, Mrigashringavratin, Mulavratin, Ramavratin, Baidalavratin, Devavratin, Bakavratin, Bhrashtravratin, Mithunavratin, Govratin, Upasadvratin, Tilavratin, Vakavratin, Rajoharanadharin.
Relevant text
Search found 42 books and stories containing Vratin, Vratī, Vrati, Vratins; (plurals include: Vratins, Vratīs, Vratis, Vratinses). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Yajnavalkya-smriti with Mitakshara and Viramitrodaya (by J. R. Gharpure)
Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) (by Vijay K. Jain)
Verse 7.18 - The votary is free from stings (śalya) < [Chapter 7 - The Five Vows]
Verse 7.19 - Classification of votaries (vratī) < [Chapter 7 - The Five Vows]
Verse 6.12 - The nature of Pleasant-feeling Karmas < [Chapter 6 - Influx of Karmas]
Vratas depicted in the Gangajala (study) (by Maitreyee Goswami)
Part 3.4 - Discussion on Rohiṇyṣṭamī-vrata < [Chapter 3]
Part 1 - Discussion of the Vratas depicted in the Gaṅgājala—Introduction < [Chapter 3]
Part 2.6 - A study on the Upavāsa-vrata < [Chapter 4]
Shiva Purana (by J. L. Shastri)
Chapter 33 - Rules governing Pāśupatavrata < [Section 7.1 - Vāyavīya-saṃhitā (1)]
Chapter 41 - Devas eulogise Śiva < [Section 2.2 - Rudra-saṃhitā (2): Satī-khaṇḍa]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 2.188 < [Section XXX - Rules to be observed by the Religious Student]
Verse 11.224 < [Section XXIX - Description of the Expiatory Penances]
Verse 5.90 < [Section IX - Other forms of Impurity]
Chaitanya Bhagavata (by Bhumipati Dāsa)
Verse 1.16.229 < [Chapter 16 - The Glories of Śrī Haridāsa Ṭhākura]
Verse 2.66 < [Chapter 2 - The Lord’s Manifestation at the House of Śrīvāsa and the Inauguration of Saṅkīrtana]
Verse 1.16.228 < [Chapter 16 - The Glories of Śrī Haridāsa Ṭhākura]