Canaka, Caṇaka, Cāṇaka: 14 definitions
Introduction
Introduction:
Canaka means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Chanaka.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanyCaṇaka (चणक) is a Sanskrit word referring to Cicer arietinum (“gram”). It is a type of legume (śamīdhānya), according to Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna (chapter 27), a classical Ayurvedic work. The plant Caṇaka is part of the Śamīdhānyavarga group of medicinal plants, referring to the “group of legumes”. Caraka defined such groups (vargas) based on the dietic value of the plant. Caṇaka is is light, cold, sweet, slightly astringent and roughening in character. It is beneficial for pitta and kapha and useful as pulses and pastes.
According to the Bhāvaprakāśa it has the following synonyms: Harimantha and Sakalapriya. The Bhāvaprakāśa, which is a 16th century medicinal thesaurus authored by Bhāvamiśra.
Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval IndiaCaṇaka (चणक) refers to “hemp”, according to the Vālmīkirāmāyaṇa Uttarakhaṇḍa 91.20, and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.— In Vālmīkirāmāyaṇa, pulses like māṣa (black-gram), mudga (green-gram), kulattha (horsegram) and caṇaka (hemp) are mentioned. [...] According to Carakasaṃhitā, pulses such as mudga (green gram), masūra (lentil), caṇaka (hemp) and kalāya (pea) were parched and eaten.
Caṇaka or “bengal gram” is classified as a type of grain (dhānya) in the section on śimbīdhānya (grains with pods) in the Bhojanakutūhala (dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana).—In śimbīdhānya-prakaraṇa the properties of grains with pods such as mudga (green gram), māṣa (black-gram), caṇaka (bengal gram), kalāya (field pea), tila (sesame), atasī (linseed), sarṣapa (mustard) and masūra (lentils) are explained.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaCāṇaka (चाणक).—The auspiciousness of Cāṇaka (cowdung) is due to Lakṣmī. (See Lakṣmī, Paras 1 and 6).
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: Jaina YogaCaṇaka (चणक, “chickpeas”) refers to one of the seventeen varieties of dhānya (“grain”) according to Śvetāmbara tradition and listed in Hemacandra’s 12th century Yogaśāstra (verse 3.95). Dhānya represents one of the classes of the external (bahya) division of attachment (parigraha) and is related to the Aparigraha-vrata (vow of non-attachment).
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarycaṇaka : (m.) gram
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarycaṇakā (चणका).—m (caṇa!) The smart of the sting or bite of a scorpion, snake, flea &c.: also the sharp pain of a pinch, of actual cautery &c. the glow on eating peppers, or on exposure to the sun: the sharp hissing of phōḍaṇī &c. v māra, lāga, basa. 2 A gust or fit of passion. v yē, lāga.
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canakā (चनका).—See caṇakā, caṇakā- vaṇēṃ, caṇakāviṇēṃ.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishcaṇakā (चणका).—m The smart of the sting or bite of a scorpion, snake, flea &c. A gust or fit of passion.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryCaṇaka (चणक).—
1) Chick-pea; उत्पतितोऽपि हि चणकः शक्तः किं भ्राष्ट्रकं भक्तुम् (utpatito'pi hi caṇakaḥ śaktaḥ kiṃ bhrāṣṭrakaṃ bhaktum) Pt.1.132.
2) Name of a gotra.
Derivable forms: caṇakaḥ (चणकः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryCaṇaka (चणक).—m.
(-kaḥ) 1. Chick-pea, (Cicer arietinum.) 2. The name of a sage. f.
(-kā) Linseed. E. caṇ to be given, affix ac and kan added; what is given to horses, &c.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryCaṇaka (चणक).—[masculine] the chick-pea.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Caṇaka (चणक):—[from caṇa] m. the chick-pea, [Suśruta; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā xv f.; Pañcatantra; Kathāsaritsāgara]
2) [v.s. ...] Name of Cāṇakya’s father, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) [v.s. ...] of a village, [Hemacandra’s Pariśiṣṭaparvan viii, 194]
4) Caṇakā (चणका):—[from caṇaka > caṇa] f. linseed, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) Cāṇaka (चाणक):—m. [plural] of kya [gana] kaṇvādi.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryCaṇaka (चणक):—[(kaḥ-kā)] 1. m. Chick-pea; name of a sage. f. kā Linseed.
[Sanskrit to German] (Deutsch Wörterbuch)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Böhtlingk and Roth Grosses Petersburger WörterbuchCaṇaka (चणक):—(von caṇa)
1) m. a) Kichererbse [Amarakoṣa 2, 9, 18.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1171.] [Suśruta 1, 73, 8. 197, 13. 2, 77, 1. 412, 1.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 6, 40. fg.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 15, 14. 16, 34.] ucchalito pi hi caṇako bhrāṣṭraṃ bhaṅktuṃ na śaknoti [Pañcatantra I, 148.] — b) Nomen proprium eines Muni, des Vaters von Cāṇakya, [Śabdaratnāvalī im Śabdakalpadruma] caṇakātmaja m. = cāṇakya [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 853.] —
2) f. caṇakā Linum usitatissimum (atasī) [Ratnamālā im Śabdakalpadruma] (u. atasī), Leinsamen [Wilson’s Wörterbuch] nach derselben Aut. Vgl. caṇḍikā . —
3) f. caṇikā ein best. Gras, = kṣetrajā, godugdhā, sunīlā, himā [Rājanirghaṇṭa im Śabdakalpadruma]
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Cāṇaka (चाणक):—adj. von cāṇakya gaṇa kaṇvādi zu [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 4, 2, 111.] — Vgl. cāṇakya [2.]
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Cāṇaka (चाणक):—im pl. ist der pl. zum patron. cāṇakya .
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Canakalavana, Canakaloni, Canakamla, Canakamlaka, Canakamlavar, Canakamlavara, Canakata, Canakatmaja, Canakavanem, Canakavinem, Canakayavasaktu.
Ends with (+10): Acanaka, Ardracanaka, Asecanaka, Audancanaka, Avasincanaka, Bhrishtacanaka, Brahmanavacanaka, Kacanaka, Kancanaka, Kimcanaka, Kincanaka, Locanaka, Mocanaka, Muncanaka, Mundacanaka, Nayacanaka, Pacanaka, Recanaka, Rocanaka, Ruccanaka.
Full-text (+20): Canakamlaka, Canakatmaja, Canakina, Cana, Krishnacancuka, Canakya, Mundacanaka, Canakaloni, Canakalavana, Canakavinem, Kimcanaka, Canakyamulaka, Khalvanga, Canakyashloka, Canakavanem, Canakamlavar, Kalyanarakshita, Canika, Canakamla, Sakalapriya.
Relevant text
Search found 6 books and stories containing Canaka, Canakā, Caṇakā, Caṇaka, Cāṇaka; (plurals include: Canakas, Canakās, Caṇakās, Caṇakas, Cāṇakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Seventeen kinds of grain < [Notes]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 236 - Greatness of Gifting Desired Objects < [Section 1 - Tīrtha-māhātmya]
Chapter 12 - Uninterrupted Ekādaśī Vow < [Section 5 - Mārgaśīrṣa-māhātmya]
Chapter 5 - Good Conduct (sadācāra) < [Section 2 - Dharmāraṇya-khaṇḍa]
The Brahma Purana (by G. P. Bhatt)
Shakti and Shakta (by John Woodroffe)
Chapter XIX - Creation as explained in the non-Dualist Tantras < [Section 2 - Doctrine]
Chapter XVII - Śakti and Māyā < [Section 2 - Doctrine]
Chapter XX - The Indian Magna Matter < [Section 2 - Doctrine]
Bodhisattvacharyavatara (by Andreas Kretschmar)
Translator’s Introduction < [Introduction Text]