Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra

by Helen M. Johnson | 1931 | 742,503 words

This page describes Bharata’s possessions which is the eighteenth part of chapter IV of the English translation of the Adisvara-caritra, contained within the “Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra”: a massive Jain narrative relgious text composed by Hemacandra in the 12th century. Adisvara (or Rishabha) in jainism is the first Tirthankara (Jina) and one of the 63 illustrious beings or worthy persons.

Part 18: Bharata’s possessions

The cakra, the umbrella, the sword, and the staff—these four one-sensed jewels originated in his armory. The cowrie, the skin, the gem, and the nine treasures appeared in the treasury of him illustrious, like jewels in Lavaṇa. The general, the steward, the priest, the carpenter—the four men-jewels originated in his own city. The elephant and the horse jewels originated at the foot of Mt. Vaitāḍhya; the woman-jewel was born in the northern row of the Vidyādharas.

Bharata shone like the moon, because of his form giving delight to the eyes; like the sun, because of his brilliance hard to endure; like the ocean whose center is inaccessible changed into human form; like dharma of mankind that had attained lordship over mankind. He shone always with the fourteen jewels like Jambūdvīpa with its rivers, Gaṅgā, Sindhu, etc.[1] The nine treasures were constantly beneath his feet like golden lotuses beneath the feet of Lord Vṛṣabha as he wandered. Always surrounded by sixteen thousand gods as attendants, like body-guards bought at a high price, he was constantly served by thirty-two thousand kings, as well as kings’ daughters, with intense devotion. The King amused himself constantly with thirty-two thousand daughters of the people as well as with the same number of actors. The sole king in the three worlds shone with three hundred sixty-three cooks, like the year with days.[2] He inaugurated customs on earth by the eighteen guilds and their sub-divisions, as the son of Nābhi had done by the alphabets. He shone with eighty-four lacs of elephants, horses, and chariots, and with ninety-six crores of infantry and villages. He was supreme lord of thirty-two thousand peoples, and lord of seventy-two thousand of the best cities. He was supreme lord of ninety-nine thousand towns accessible both by land and sea[3] (droṇa-mukha), sovereign of forty-eight thousand towns approached by land only or water only (pattana). He was ruler of poor towns (karbaṭa), and isolated towns (maḍamba) with a high degree of wealth to the number of twenty-four thousand. He was tax-lord of twenty thousand mines, and governor of sixteen thousand towns with earthen walls (kheṭa). He was lord of fourteen thousand places where grain is stored (sambādha), and overlord of fifty-six island settlements (antarodaka). He was chief of forty-nine poor dominions (kurājya), and governor of others also in Bharatakṣetra.

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

There are fourteen main rivers in Jambūdvīpa. See App. I.

[2]:

No year of 363 days figures in the ordinary Hindu reckoning. Jainacarya Jaya Suriji informed me there was in Jain reckoning a Yuga of 3 lunar years and 2 abhivardhita years (of 365 days), and that once in 80 years the first abhivardhita year had 363 days.

[3]:

This group of place-names occurs quite often. I have adopted the definitions of the Jain commentators rather than those of the lexicons where they differ, as I think Hemacandra himself would undoubtedly follow the commentators. My definitions are from KSK. 1. 88, p. 73b. Of. Jacobi, Uttar. p. 176 and notes 3-11, where the chief divergence is in the case of sambādha, which is defined as ‘an open town.’ For antarodaka and kurājya see Jamb. 69, p. 277b.

Help me to continue this site

For over a decade I have been trying to fill this site with wisdom, truth and spirituality. What you see is only a tiny fraction of what can be. Now I humbly request you to help me make more time for providing more unbiased truth, wisdom and knowledge.

Let's make the world a better place together!

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: