Kheta, Kheṭa, Kheṭā: 33 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
2. Tibetan Buddhism
In Jainism
1. General definition
India history
Languages
1. Pali
2. Marathi
3. Sanskrit
4. Hindi
5. Kannada
6. Nepali
See also

Introduction:

Kheta means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

In Hinduism

Vastushastra (architecture)

Source: Wisdom Library: Vāstu-śāstra

Kheṭa (खेट) is a Sanskrit technical term translating to “hamlet”, or, a small village inhabited by agricultural peasants. It is used throughout Vāstuśāstra literature.

Source: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts (vastu)

Kheṭa (खेट) is another name for Town (grāma), according to the ninth chapter of the Kapiñjalasaṃhitā: a Pāñcarātra work consisting of 1550 verses dealing with a variety of topics such as worship in a temple, choosing an Ācārya, architecture, town-planning and iconography.—Description of the chapter [grāmavinyāsa]:—The rewards of town planning are great; moreover, by planning a town properly one sees to the construction of temples and, consequently, to the worship of God. Towns are called by several names: [e.g., kheṭa] [...] Once a plot for a town is selected certain steps must then be taken: procession to the place, bali-offerings, setting up pegs and strings, etc. (4-9a). Various types of towns are named according to their lay-out of streets. [...]

context information

Vastushastra (वास्तुशास्त्र, vāstuśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science (shastra) of architecture (vastu), dealing with topics such architecture, sculpture, town-building, fort building and various other constructions. Vastu also deals with the philosophy of the architectural relation with the cosmic universe.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: Wisdom Library: The Matsya-purāṇa

Kheṭā (खेटा) is the name of a mind-born ‘divine mother’ (mātṛ), created for the purpose of drinking the blood of the Andhaka demons, according to the Matsya-purāṇa 179.8. The Andhaka demons spawned out of every drop of blood spilled from the original Andhakāsura (Andhaka-demon). According to the Matsya-purāṇa 179.35, “Most terrible they (e.g., Kheṭā) all drank the blood of those Andhakas and become exceedingly satiated.”

The Matsyapurāṇa is categorised as a Mahāpurāṇa, and was originally composed of 20,000 metrical verses, dating from the 1st-millennium BCE. The narrator is Matsya, one of the ten major avatars of Viṣṇu.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1) Kheṭa (खेट).—A small village.^*

* Vāyu-purāṇa 91. 30.

2) Kheṭā (खेटा).—A mind-born mother.^*

* Matsya-purāṇa 179. 17.

3) Kheta (खेत).—A smaller division than a Kharvaṭa.^*

* Viṣṇu-purāṇa V. 2. 13.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa)

Source: archive.org: Catalogue of Pancaratra Agama Texts

Kheṭa (खेट) or Kheṭamudrā refers to one of the 37 Mudrās (hand-gestures) described in chapter 7 of the Viṣṇusaṃhitā: a Sanskrit text written in 2600 verses which covers typical Pāñcarātra topics through a narrative dialogue between Aupagāyana and Siddha Sumati.—[Cf. the chapter mudrā-lakṣaṇa].

context information

Pancaratra (पाञ्चरात्र, pāñcarātra) represents a tradition of Hinduism where Narayana is revered and worshipped. Closeley related to Vaishnavism, the Pancaratra literature includes various Agamas and tantras incorporating many Vaishnava philosophies.

General definition (in Hinduism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Hinduism

1) Kheṭa (Town): A kheṭa covers an area of half a yojana (1 yojana = ~13km).

2) Kheta (खेत) is a Sanskrit word for a weapon translating to “club”. Sculptures or other depictions of Hindu dieties are often seen holden this weapon in their hand.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Kheṭa (खेट, “saliva ”) (Pali, Khela) refers to one of the thirty-substances of the human body according to the Visuddhimagga, as mentioned in an appendix of the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter 32-34. The Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra mentions thirty-six substances [viz., kheṭa]; the Sanskrit sources of both the Lesser and the Greater Vehicles, physical substances are 26 in number while the Pāli suttas list thirty-once substances.

Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā

Kheṭa (खेट) refers to “spittle”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly: “Then the Bodhisattva named Kālarāja addressed himself to the Bodhisattva Gaganagañja: ‘In this Saha universe, son of good family, there are living beings suffering from poverty, lacking food or drink, and wearing ragged clothes; there are hungry ghosts tormented by hunger and thirst, covering themselves with their hairs, and subsisting on such as spittle (kheṭa), mucus, blood, and pus. In order to protect these living beings, please pour down the rain of food, drink, and clothing!’ [...]”.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka Maṇḍala

Kheṭa (खेट) refers to a “shield” and represents one of the items held in the left hand of Heruka: one of the main deities of the Herukamaṇḍala described in the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Heruka is positioned in the Lotus (padma) at the center; He is the origin of all heroes; He has 17 faces (with three eyes on each) and 76 arms [holding, for example, kheṭa]; He is half black and half green in color; He is dancing on a flaming sun placed on Bhairava and Kālarātrī.

Source: OSU Press: Cakrasamvara Samadhi

Kheṭa (खेट) or “saliva” is associated with Cakravartiṇī and Vairocana, according to the Cakrasaṃvara-maṇḍala or Saṃvaramaṇḍala of Abhayākaragupta’s Niṣpannayogāvalī, p. 45 and n. 145; (Cf. Cakrasaṃvaratantra, Gray, David B., 2007).—The Cakrasaṃvara mandala has a total of sixty-two deities. [...] Three concentric circles going outward, the body, speech and mind wheels (kāya-vāka-citta), in the order: mind (blue), speech (red), and body (white), with eight Ḍākinīs each in non-dual union with their Ḍākas, "male consorts".

Associated elements of Cakravartiṇī and Vairocana:

Circle: kāyacakra (body-wheel) (white);
Ḍākinī (female consort): Cakravartiṇī;
Ḍāka (male consort): Vairocana;
Bīja: maṃ;
Body-part: toes;
Pīṭha: Maru;
Bodily constituent: kheṭa (saliva);
Bodhipakṣa (wings of enlightenment): samyaksaṃkalpa (right intention).

Source: MDPI Books: The Ocean of Heroes

Kheṭa (खेट) refers to a “village”, according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly: “Now, [the Blessed One] has taught [holy sites] such as the śmaśāna and upaśmaśāna in sequence. [...] (9) Mummunī is a śmaśāna [site] Caritra, Harikela, and Māyāpurī are also the śmaśāna [sites]. (10) The upaśmaśāna [sites] are the base of a mountain, a dead village (manna-kheṭa), Surapura, and Karṇāṭapāṭaka. [...] Girls who are in these places are of [the nature of] the innate, born in their own birthplaces. [...]”.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

Kheṭa (खेट) refers to “towns with earthen walls”, as mentioned in chapter 1.4 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Accordingly:

“Bharata shone like the moon, because of his form giving delight to the eyes; like the sun, because of his brilliance hard to endure; like the ocean whose center is inaccessible changed into human form; like dharma of mankind that had attained lordship over mankind. [...] He was tax-lord of twenty thousand mines, and governor of sixteen thousand towns with earthen walls (kheṭa). [...]”.

Note: These definitions (i.e., kheṭa) are from Kalpasūtra (Kiraṇāvalī commentary) 1. 88, p. 73b.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

Source: archive.org: Geography in Ancient Indian inscriptions

Kheṭa (खेट) is a word denoting a ‘village’ or ‘hamlet’ and can be seen as a synonym for grāma, often used in inscriptions.—Terms such as kheṭa are in many cases, associated with the names of the villages so as to become the ending part of the different place-names. Inscriptions throw light on the location of the villages in different ways. Firstly, they communicate us an idea about the country, the division and the sub-division to which these villages belonged. Secondly, the inscriptions provide information regarding theboundaries of the donated villages.

Source: archive.org: Personal and geographical names in the Gupta inscriptions

Kheṭa (खेट) or Kheḍa is analogous to Kheṭṭa: the Prakrit form of Kṣetra: a name-ending for place-names mentioned in the Gupta inscriptions (reigned from 3rd century CE). Analogous to kheṭṭa is the word ‘kheḍa’ or ‘kheṭa’ which means ‘a city surrounded by rivers and mountains’. Kheṭa meaning ‘a small hamlet’ is also found in Pāṇini (VI. 2. 126). The Samarāṅgaṇasūtradhāra defines ‘kheṭa’ as the half of a city and the grāma as the half of a ‘kheṭa’. According to Monier Williams kheṭa means a village, residence of peasants and farmers, small town (half of a pura).

Lele considers Kheṭa or Kheṭaka to be the dialectic form of the word ‘kṣetra’. The original meaning of kheṭaka or kheṭa was an enclosure for cattle. In the course of time the pastoral camp grew into an agricultural village, and the word kheṭaka came to include agricultural village.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Kheṭa.—(IE 8-5), a village or hamlet. Note: kheṭa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

kheṭa : (nt.) a shield.

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Kheṭa, (cp. Sk. kheṭaka) a shield: see kīṭa. (Page 238)

Source: Sutta: Pali Word Grammar from Pali Myanmar Dictionary

kheṭa (ခေဋ) [(pu) (ပု)]—
[khiṭa+ṇa．khiṭa uttāsane,kheṭati,ākheṭako,kheṭo．nīti,dhā．52．]
[ခိဋ+ဏ။ ခိဋ ဥတ္တာသနေ၊ ခေဋတိ၊ အာခေဋကော၊ ခေဋော။ နီတိ၊ဓာ။၅၂။]

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

khēṭa (खेट).—f A wedge or a chip to tighten in or make fast. 2 A rendezvous; an appointed meeting or an appointed place or time or meeting. v pāḷa, sambhāḷa, ṭharava, ṭhara. 3 See khēṭā Sig. I. & II.

--- OR ---

khēṭā (खेटा).—m (khēṭaṇēṃ) A periodical resort to a holy place or an idol. v kara, ghāla. Hence (used pl as khēṭē) continual trips or visits to: also a fruitless going to and fro; empty trips. v ghāla, kara. 2 R Crowdedness or press; crowded, jammed, or stuffed state.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

khēṭa (खेट).—f A wedge to make fast; a rendezvous.

--- OR ---

khēṭā (खेटा).—m A periodical resort to a holy place. Empty trips. Crowded state.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Kheṭa (खेट).—a. [khe aṭati, aṭ-ac; khiṭ-ac vā] Having a weapon, armed.

-ṭaḥ 1 A village, small town or hamlet; Bhāgavata 1.6.11.

2) Phlegm.

3) The club of Balarāma.

4) A horse.

-ṭaḥ, -ṭam 1 Hunting, chase.

2) A shield.

-ṭam 1 Grass.

2) Hide, skin. (N. B.:At the end of comp. kheṭa expresses 'defectiveness' or 'deterioration', & may be rendered by 'miserable', 'low', 'vile', 'wretched' &c.; nāgarakheṭam a miserable town.)

3) A village; नगराद्योजनं खेटं खेटाद् ग्रामोऽर्धयोजनम् (nagarādyojanaṃ kheṭaṃ kheṭād grāmo'rdhayojanam) (brahmānaṃda pu. Part I, II anuṣaṃgapāda Ch.7.V.III.); खेटानि धूलिप्राकारोपेतानि (kheṭāni dhūliprākāropetāni) | (praśnavyākaraṇasūtravyākhyāne).

4) A village of cultivators; Rājadharmakaustubha, G. O. S. 72, P.12.

5) A village two miles long; Bibliotheca Indica 274, Fase. I. p.145.

--- OR ---

Kheṭa (खेट).—See under ख (kha).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kheṭa (खेट).—mfn.

(-ṭaḥ-ṭā-ṭaṃ) 1. Vile, bad, low. 2. Armed, having a weapon or weapons. mn.

(-ṭaḥ-ṭaṃ) Hunting, the chase; also ākheṭa m.

(-ṭaḥ) 1. A shield. 2. A village, the residence of peasants or farmers. 3. A small town, half the Pura or town. 4. The club of Balarama. 5. Phlegm, the phlegmatic or watery humour. 6. The ascending node or Rahu. 7. A horse. n.

(-ṭaṃ) Grass. E. khiṭ to terrify, &c. affix ghañ

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kheṭa (खेट).—m. A village, Mahābhārata 3, 13220.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kheṭa (खेट).—[masculine] [neuter] a kind of village or small town, shield (also ka); [masculine] phlegm; adj. low, vile, wretched ([especially] —°).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Kheṭa (खेट):—[=khe-ṭa] [from khe > kha] 1. khe-ṭa m. ‘moving in the air’, a planet

2) [v.s. ...] the ascending node or Rāhu, [Horace H. Wilson]

3) 2. kheṭa m. a village, residence of peasants and farmers, small town (half a Pura, [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi]), [Mahābhārata iii, 13220; Jaina literature; Bhāgavata-purāṇa; Viṣṇu-purāṇa] : the phlegmatic or watery humor of the body, phlegm, [Caraka iv, 4]

4) snot, glanders, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

5) a horse, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) the club of Balarāma, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) mn. hunting, chase (cf. ā-kheṭa), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) a shield, [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi i, 5, 529] ([Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa]) and 532 ([Bṛhan-nāradīya-purāṇa, 38 adhyāya]), [; ii, 1]

9) (ifc.) expressing defectiveness or deterioration ([Pāṇini 6-2, 126]; e.g. nagara-, ‘a miserable town’ [ib.; Kāśikā-vṛtti]; upānat-, ‘a miserable shoe’ [ib.; Kāśikā-vṛtti]; muni-, ‘a miserable sage’ [Bālarāmāyaṇa ii])

10) n. grass, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

11) mfn. low, vile, [Bharata-nāṭya-śāstra xxxiv, 109]

12) n. armed, [Horace H. Wilson]

13) a See 3. kha, p. 334, col. 3.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Kheṭa (खेट):—(ṭaḥ) 1. m. A shield; a village; phlegm; a club; ascending node; a horse. m. n. The chase. n. Grass. a. Low, vile; armed.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Kheṭa (खेट) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Kheḍa.

[Sanskrit to German]

Kheta in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Kheta (खेत) [Also spelled khet]:—(nm) a field, farm; -[ānā] see —[kheta rahanā; —para caḍhe kisānī] it is the harvest that proves the farmer;—[badanā] to fix a bout, to have it out; —[rahanā] to be killed in action, to bite the dust.

context information

...

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Khēṭa (ಖೇಟ):—

1) [noun] a village or a small town.

2) [noun] the thick, stringy mucus secreted by the mucous glands of the respiratory tract and discharged from the throat, as during a cold; phlegm.

3) [noun] a high, broad, level region by the side of a mountain; a tableland.

4) [noun] a flat, usu. broad, piece of metal, wood, etc., carried in the hand or worn on the forearm to ward off blows or missiles; a shield.

5) [noun] a moving in the sky.

6) [noun] the act or a person or animal that hunts; hunting.

7) [noun] that which is bad, inferior or vile.

8) [noun] a wicked, sinful man; a sinner.

9) [noun] any of various plants of the grass family that are usu. used for food, fodder or grazing and as lawns.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Nepali dictionary

Source: unoes: Nepali-English Dictionary

Kheta (खेत):—n. 1. a field for harvest; cultivated field; 2. a measurement of land comprising of around; 2.5. ropanis;

context information

Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.

Relevant text

Search found 45 books and stories containing Kheta, Kheṭa, Kheṭā, Khēṭa, Khēṭā, Khe-ta, Khe-ṭa, Khita-na, Khiṭa-ṇa; (plurals include: Khetas, Kheṭas, Kheṭās, Khēṭas, Khēṭās, tas, ṭas, nas, ṇas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Page 104 < [Hindi-English-Nepali (1 volume)]

Page 494 < [Gujarati-Hindi-English, Volume 1]

Page 450 < [Hindi-Sindhi-English Volume 1]

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Chapter 10 - The Selection of the Site (Bhūmiparīkṣā)

Chapter 2 - The Dialogue Between Father and Sons—(Viśvakarmā Putra-Saṃvāda)

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Page 304 < [Volume 24 (1918)]

Page 38 < [Volume 13 (1912)]

Page 393 < [Volume 19 (1915)]

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Towns or Cities in ancient Indian town-planning < [Chapter 2 - Villages, Towns and Forts in General]