Shaiva Upanishads (A Critical Study)

by Arpita Chakraborty | 2013 | 33,902 words

This page relates ‘Pancabrahma Vidya’ of the study on the Shaiva Upanishads in English, comparing them with other texts dealing with the Shiva cult (besides the Agamas and Puranas). The Upaniṣads are ancient philosophical and theological treatises. Out of the 108 Upanishads mentioned in the Muktikopanishad, 15 are classified as Saiva-Upanisads.

[...] Pañcabrahma Upaniṣad verse 24

Deluded by the mayic (illusory) powers of Śam. bhu, all the Surās (denizens of Svargaloka) do not know the world preceptor, the prime cause of all causes, Mahādeva, Super abundant radiance, the Paramapuruṣa that transcends the transcendent and has the entire Viśva (universe) as his abode. The form of this radiance does not stand within the range of vision of persons deluded on account of their ignorance of the real character of the Parabrahman. Through which alone the Universe stands revealed, wherein alone it meets with dissolution, that Brahman is tranquillity par excellence, it being immune from the conception of things apart from itself. He who knows “I am that Brahman, the supreme state” attains immortality of Brahman. He who knows Brahman thus becomes liberated without doubt. With the knowing of the five fold Brahmans consisting of Sadyojāta and others as the preliminary step, one should know that all this phenomenal world is the Parabrahman, Śiva, of the character of the five fold Brahmans, nay he should know whatever is seen or heard of or falls within or lies beyond the range of his inner and outer senses as Śiva of the character of the five fold Brahmans alone. On knowing the real character of that phenomenal world of the five fold character (made of the five elements), known as the creature of the Brahman, but really superimposed on the Brahman out of misconception, that very moment the seeker surrenders himself untoĪśāna, the Paramātman, and attains the exalted character of Īśāna alone. After causing everything of the character of the five fold Brahman to dissolve in his own innermost Ātman which is non differentiated from the Brahman, the knower should realize Śiva, the Brahman of the five fold character in the attitude, “I am he” and attain the immortal state of the Brahman of the form of Śiva.

He who realizes the Brahman of this character stands liberated. There is no doubt about it.

[...] Pañcabrahma Upaniṣad 30,31

Knowing Śam. bhu, of the five syllabled Mantra as of the real character of the Parabrahman, knowing the five syllable Mantra beginning with the syllable “Na” and ending with the syllable “Ya”, (the full Mantra being, “Namaḥ Śivāya”), he should repeatedly utter that Mantra as Japa. One should know all things of the Phenomenal world as of a five fold character, for the reason that the eternal verity of Śiva is of the character of the five fold Brahman. He who studies the Vidyā relating to the five fold Brahman with true devotion, himself attaining the five fold character, shines forth of his own accord as the five fold Brahman alone.[1]

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

Ibid verse 24-32 [...]

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