Verse 3.14.410

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.410:

अथवैकविभक्तित्वाद् गुणत्वाद् वोपसर्जनम् ।
नैव तित्तिरिकल्माष्यामिष्टः स्त्रीप्रत्ययो भवेत् ॥ ४१० ॥

athavaikavibhaktitvād guṇatvād vopasarjanam |
naiva tittirikalmāṣyāmiṣṭaḥ strīpratyayo bhavet || 410 ||

410. Even if it is maintained that the word śyāmā is upasarjana because it remains in the same case-ending (ekavibhakti P. 1.2.44) or because it is subordinate, there would be the difficulty that in the compound tittirikalmāṣī, the desired feminine suffix would not result.

Commentary

[This stanza refers to M.Bhā. I, p. 397, 11. 15-17. It might be said that śyāmā in the compound under discussion is upasarjana by P. 1.2.44. because, in the analytic sentence (vigrahavākya) it remains in the same case-ending. Or that it is upasarjana because it refers to the upamāna and is, therefore, subordinate to the upameya, conveyed by the compound as a whole. In the world what is subordinate to something else is called upasarjana. It is true that the word upasarjana has a technical meaning which must be preferred to its worldly sense. But the śāstra does not completely ignore the worldly sense. The technical meaning of the word is resorted to where a word expressive of the primary (not subordinate) has to be put first in the compound. Ordinarily, it is what is subordinate which is put first. In the compound puruṣavyāghraḥ = ‘man-tiger’, the first word stands for what is primary in the worldly sense but technically, by P. 1.2. 43, the word is upasarjana because it stands for what is put in the first case-affix in the rule teaching this compound, that is, P. 2.1.56. Its technical status gets priority and the word puruṣa is put first in the compound. The same is true of the first word in the compounds pācakavṛndārikā, (P. 2.1.62) pūrvakāyaḥ (P. 2.2.1.) and ardhapippalī (P. 2.2.2.). The worldly and the technical meanings have each their own scope. Sometimes, they coincide in the same case. For example, in the compound niṣkauśāmbiḥ, the word kauśāmbi stands for what is subordinate in the worldly sense and it is also upasarjana in the technical sense because it remains in the same case-ending in the analytical sentences while the full form of niḥ appears in different case-affixes in those sentences: nirgataḥ kauśāmbyāḥ, nirgataṃ kauśāmbyāḥ, nirgatena kauśāmbyāḥ and so on. It has been made upasarjana technically by P. 1.2.44 in order that it may not be put first in the compound. In niṣkauśāmbiḥ, niḥ is upasarjana by P. 1.2.43 and 2.2.18 and kauśāmbī is upasarjana by P. 1.2.44. In other words, both are upasarjana technically but what is so by P. 1.2.44 cannot be put first. In the case under discussion, śyāmā can be looked upon as upasarjana only in the worldly sense. But if the worldly sense of upasarjana is resorted to everywhere it would lead to other difficulties. For example, in tittirikalmāṣī, there is ṅīṣ, only because, technically, kalmāṣa is not upasarjana and so ṅīṣ has been added by P. 4.1.14 and 4.1.40. If the worldly sense of upasarjana is resorted to here, kalmāṣa would become so and P. 4.1.14 would not operate and so P. 4.1.40 cannot be applied, so we would get tittirikalmāṣa by P. 4.1.4 and that is not desired. On these technical points, see Patanjali’s Vyākaraṇamahābhāṣya, kārma-dhārayāhnika, edited with translation and explanatory notes by Dr. S. D. Joshi and Dr. J. A. F. Roodbergen, pp. 107-108.]