Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 2.193
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 2.193:
उपरिष्टात् पुरस्ताद्वा द्योतकत्वं न भिद्यते ।
तेषु प्रयुज्यमानेषु भिन्नार्थेष्वपि सर्वथा ॥ १९३ ॥upariṣṭāt purastādvā dyotakatvaṃ na bhidyate |
teṣu prayujyamāneṣu bhinnārtheṣvapi sarvathā || 193 ||193. It makes no difference to the manifesting nature of particles whether they are used before or after the associated words from which they differ in meaning.
Commentary
[The Vṛtti points out that even though, logically, the general precedes the particular in speech, one may sometimes put the particular before the general as in Gārgyo brāhmaṇa ānīyatāṃ = let Gārgya, the brāhmaṇa be brought or Śiṃśapā vṛkṣaś chidyatām = let the Śiṃśapā tree be cut.]
It is now stated why some nipātas are said to be dyotaka while others are said to be Vācaka.