Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words

Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...

तत्र गूढं यथा,

tatra gūḍhaṃ yathā,

This is an example of a subtle implied sense:

utkīrṇair iva citritair iva navodbhinnair ivodyad-vayaḥ-kunde vibhramitair iva smara-kalā-śāṇe niśātair iva |
magnonmagnatayālasair iva bhṛśaṃ lāvaṇya-vāpī-jale keyaṃ keli-kalā-nidhiḥ subala me ceto haraty aṅgakaiḥ ||

utkīrṇaiḥ—artistically carved; iva—as if; citritaiḥ—multi-colored; iva—as if; nava-udbhinnaiḥ—newly sprouted; iva—as if; udyat-vayaḥ—fresh (“whose age is rising”); kunde—for jasmine flowers; vibhramitaiḥ—confused; iva—as if; smara-kalā—of Cupid’s arts; śāṇe—on the grindstone; niśātaiḥ—sharpened; iva—as if; magna-unmagnatayā—on account of being dipped in and taken out of; alasaiḥ—lazy; iva—as if; bhṛśam—repeatedly; lāvaṇya—of loveliness; vāpī—of a pond; jale—the water; —who?; iyam—is this girl; keli-kalā—of skills in the matter of playful games; nidhiḥ—who is a treasure; subala—O Subala; me—my; cetaḥheart; harati—who steals; aṅgakaiḥ—with Her limbs.

O Subala! Who is this girl, a treasure of skills in love games, who steals My heart with Her limbs? They are as if artistically carved, as if multicolored, as if newly issued, as if confused for fresh jasmine flowers, as if sharpened on a grindstone that is the form of the skills of Cupid, and as if repeatedly dipped in and taken out of a pond of loveliness. (Alaṅkāra-kaustubha 2.28)

atrotkīrṇādi-padāni tat-sadṛśeṣu lākṣaṇikāni. teṣāṃ vyaṅgyaṃ nigūḍhaṃ pratīyate. tathā hi, utkīrṇair iti nirmāṇa-sauṣṭhavam. citrair iti pādādi-gata-rāgādi-pradyotaḥ. navodbhinnair iti saukumāryam. udyad iti suvalitvam. smareti hṛd-bhedakatvam. magneti lāvaṇyādhikyam iti gūḍham eva.

In this verse, the words beginning from utkīrṇaiḥ are indirectly expressive (lākṣaṇika) in reference to ideas that are similar to them. The implied meanings of those words are abstrusely perceived. This is the explanation: “Artistically carved” suggests that Her limbs are well-shaped. “Multicolored” implies colors such as redness on the feet. “Newly issued” hints at softness. “Fresh jasmine flowers” suggests that Her limbs have nice curves. “The grindstone in the form of the skills of Cupid” implies that Her limbs pierce the heart. “Repeatedly dipped in and taken out of a pond of loveliness” intimates a superior loveliness. Those ideas are definitely subtle.

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