Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.39.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यु॒वं च्यवा॑नं स॒नयं॒ यथा॒ रथं॒ पुन॒र्युवा॑नं च॒रथा॑य तक्षथुः । निष्टौ॒ग्र्यमू॑हथुर॒द्भ्यस्परि॒ विश्वेत्ता वां॒ सव॑नेषु प्र॒वाच्या॑ ॥
युवं च्यवानं सनयं यथा रथं पुनर्युवानं चरथाय तक्षथुः । निष्टौग्र्यमूहथुरद्भ्यस्परि विश्वेत्ता वां सवनेषु प्रवाच्या ॥
yuvaṃ cyavānaṃ sanayaṃ yathā ratham punar yuvānaṃ carathāya takṣathuḥ | niṣ ṭaugryam ūhathur adbhyas pari viśvet tā vāṃ savaneṣu pravācyā ||
English translation:
“You made the aged Cyavana, when like a worn out chariot, again young and able to go; you bore theson of Tugra above the waters; all these your (exploits) are to be celebrated at our sacrifices.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Son of Tugra: i.e.,Bhujyu
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): ghoṣā kākṣīvatī;Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): pādanicṛjjgatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यु॒वम् । च्यवा॑नम् । स॒नय॑म् । यथा॑ । रथ॑म् । पुनः॑ । युवा॑नम् । च॒रथा॑य । त॒क्ष॒थुः॒ । निः । तौ॒ग्र्यम् । ऊ॒ह॒थुः॒ । अ॒त्ऽभ्यः । परि॑ । विश्वा॑ । इत् । ता । वा॒म् । सव॑नेषु । प्र॒ऽवाच्या॑ ॥
युवम् । च्यवानम् । सनयम् । यथा । रथम् । पुनः । युवानम् । चरथाय । तक्षथुः । निः । तौग्र्यम् । ऊहथुः । अत्भ्यः । परि । विश्वा । इत् । ता । वाम् । सवनेषु । प्रवाच्या ॥
yuvam | cyavānam | sanayam | yathā | ratham | punaḥ | yuvānam | carathāya | takṣathuḥ | niḥ | taugryam | ūhathuḥ | at-bhyaḥ | pari | viśvā | it | tā | vām | savaneṣu | pra-vācyā
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.39.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, dual, masculine
“you.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Cyavana.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“age-old; old.”
[adverb]
“equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”
[adverb]
“again; further; now; over and over; subsequently; repeatedly; however; besides.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“young; youthful.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
[verb], dual, Perfect indicative
“produce; shape; fashion; chisel; invent.”
[adverb]
“niḥ; away; out; without.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Bhujyu.”
[verb], dual, Perfect indicative
“transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”
[noun], ablative, plural, feminine
“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”
[adverb]
“from; about; around.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], genitive, dual
“you.”
[noun], locative, plural, neuter
“yajña; savana [word]; Snāna; Soma sacrifice; press.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“describe; name; enumerate; call; explain; teach; state; tell; impart; convey; address; proclaim.”