Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 6.45.31

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अधि॑ बृ॒बुः प॑णी॒नां वर्षि॑ष्ठे मू॒र्धन्न॑स्थात् । उ॒रुः कक्षो॒ न गा॒ङ्ग्यः ॥
अधि बृबुः पणीनां वर्षिष्ठे मूर्धन्नस्थात् । उरुः कक्षो न गाङ्ग्यः ॥
adhi bṛbuḥ paṇīnāṃ varṣiṣṭhe mūrdhann asthāt | uruḥ kakṣo na gāṅgyaḥ ||

English translation:

“Bṛbu presided over the high plural ces of the Paṇis, like the elevated bank of the Ganges.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Bṛbu paṇīnām varṣiṣṭhe mūrdhan adhyasthāt = he stood over upon the high plural ce, as if it were on the forehead of the Paṇis; mūrdhavat ucchrite sthale; the Paṇis may be either merchants or traders, or asuras, so termed; like the elevated bank of the Ganges: uruḥ kakṣo na gāṅgyaḥ = gaṅgāyāḥ kule vistīrṇe ivā, as on the broad bank of the Ganges, that is, as the bank is above the bed of the river.

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): śaṃyurbārhaspatyaḥ [śaṃyurbārhaspatya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): bṛbustakṣā;
Chandas (meter): ārcyuṣṇik ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अधि॑ । बृ॒बुः । प॒णी॒नाम् । वर्षि॑ष्ठे । मू॒र्धन् । अ॒स्था॒त् । उ॒रुः । कक्षः॑ । न । गा॒ङ्ग्यः ॥
अधि । बृबुः । पणीनाम् । वर्षिष्ठे । मूर्धन् । अस्थात् । उरुः । कक्षः । न । गाङ्ग्यः ॥
adhi | bṛbuḥ | paṇīnām | varṣiṣṭhe | mūrdhan | asthāt | uruḥ | kakṣaḥ | na | gāṅgyaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 6.45.31 English analysis of grammar]

adhi

[adverb]

“on; from; accordingly.”

bṛbuḥ < bṛbu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

paṇīnāṃ < paṇīnām < paṇi

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“niggard; paṇ.”

varṣiṣṭhe < varṣiṣṭha

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“highest.”

mūrdhann < mūrdhan

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“head; battlefront; peak; top; mūrdhan [word]; leader; top.”

asthāt < sthā

[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)

“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

uruḥ < uru

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“wide; broad; great; uru [word]; much(a); excellent.”

kakṣo < kakṣaḥ < kakṣa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“grass; weed; lurking place; hiding place; underbrush; brush; recess.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

gāṅgyaḥ < gāṅgya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

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