Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.54.2
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
दे॒वेभ्यो॒ हि प्र॑थ॒मं य॒ज्ञिये॑भ्योऽमृत॒त्वं सु॒वसि॑ भा॒गमु॑त्त॒मम् । आदिद्दा॒मानं॑ सवित॒र्व्यू॑र्णुषेऽनूची॒ना जी॑वि॒ता मानु॑षेभ्यः ॥
देवेभ्यो हि प्रथमं यज्ञियेभ्योऽमृतत्वं सुवसि भागमुत्तमम् । आदिद्दामानं सवितर्व्यूर्णुषेऽनूचीना जीविता मानुषेभ्यः ॥
devebhyo hi prathamaṃ yajñiyebhyo 'mṛtatvaṃ suvasi bhāgam uttamam | ād id dāmānaṃ savitar vy ūrṇuṣe 'nūcīnā jīvitā mānuṣebhyaḥ ||
English translation:
“First you engender for the adorable gods the best portion, immortality; then, Savitā, you set open (the day) to the donor (of the oblation), and (grant) successive existences to men.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Yajus. 33.54; your engender :suvasi, from su, to bear or bring forth; successive existences: anūcīnā jīvitā: jīvitānyanukrama yuktāni, i.e., in the order of fathers, sons;
Damanam = dātāram; or, raśmisamūham, collection of rays; alternative rendering: you spread abroad your rays, and excite among men the consequent offices of vitality, i.e., the daily duties following on the return of morning
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): savitā ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
दे॒वेभ्यः॑ । हि । प्र॒थ॒मम् । य॒ज्ञिये॑भ्यः । अ॒मृ॒त॒ऽत्वम् । सु॒वसि॑ । भा॒गम् । उ॒त्ऽत॒मम् । आत् । इत् । दा॒मान॑म् । स॒वि॒तः॒ । वि । ऊ॒र्णु॒षे॒ । अ॒नू॒ची॒ना । जी॒वि॒ता । मानु॑षेभ्यः ॥
देवेभ्यः । हि । प्रथमम् । यज्ञियेभ्यः । अमृतत्वम् । सुवसि । भागम् । उत्तमम् । आत् । इत् । दामानम् । सवितः । वि । ऊर्णुषे । अनूचीना । जीविता । मानुषेभ्यः ॥
devebhyaḥ | hi | prathamam | yajñiyebhyaḥ | amṛta-tvam | suvasi | bhāgam | ut-tamam | āt | it | dāmānam | savitaḥ | vi | ūrṇuṣe | anūcīnā | jīvitā | mānuṣebhyaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.54.2 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], dative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[adverb]
“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[noun], dative, plural, masculine
“sacrificial; divine; devoted.”
[noun]
“immortal; amṛta; imperishable.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“state; quality; cause; reason.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“give birth; urge; bestow; cause.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“part; part; part; parcel; quarter; body part; location; region; allotment; part; numerator; division; application; function; outside; bhāga [word]; volume; helping.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“best; excellent; highest; better; extreme; last; first; topmost; chief(a); higher; highest; maximal; uttama [word]; prevailing; finest.”
[adverb]
“then.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“wreath; dāman; dāman [word]; shackle; girdle; fetter.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Savitar; sun; Surya; Savitṛ.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“life; life; survival; support.”
[noun], dative, plural, masculine
“man; man.”